Chapter 19

Question 1

_____ in all blood vessels - opening that is in contact with blood

Answer 1

Lumen

Question 2

Three layers of all blood vessels except capillaries

Answer 2

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 3

Tunica Intima

Answer 3

Simple squamous endothelial cells tightly packed in order to reduce friction as blood passes through

Question 4

Tunica Media is the ______ layer consisting of circular layers of ____ ______ ______ with elastin fibers

Answer 4

Middle, Smooth muscle fibers

Question 5

Tunica media is innervated via the ______. They have the ability to ______. Has a very large influence of blood pressure and flow

Answer 5

Sympathetic Nervous System. Vasoconstrict

Question 6

Tunica Externa is the _____ layer consisting mainly of loosely woven cologne fibers. Contain small blood vessels within the layer called ____ ________

Answer 6

Outermost, Vasa Vasorum

Question 7

Three types of arteries

Answer 7

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles

Question 8

Elastic arteries are the ____ of the 3 types. Closest to the _____. Largest elastic composition. Largest opening, therefore, ___ _______. Referred to as ______ ________

Answer 8

Largest. Heart. Low resistance. Conducting arteries.

Question 9

Muscular arteries have _____ size lumen. Most ______ (thickest tunica media). Highly responsible for _____ ______ via sympathetic nervous system causing either vasoconstriction or vasodilation. Sometimes called ______ arteries

Answer 9

Medium. Muscular. Blood shunting. Distributing.

Question 10

Arterioles are the _____ of the arteries. Some have _ layers but smallest ones just before the capillaries have only one. Sometimes called ________ vessels. When they constrict they ______ capillaries. When they dilate they increase ______ ____ to capillaries

Answer 10

Smallest. 3. Resistance. Bypass. Blood flow.

Question 11

Capillaries are only ___ layer thick (tunica intima). Only allow 1 ___ to pass through at a time

Answer 11

One. RBC.

Question 12

Pericytes are a ____ ______ location on outside of some capillaries. Can help control ______ of capillaries

Answer 12

Spider shaped. Permeability.

Question 13

Capillaries consist of ____ _____ that hold together endothelial cells. Breaks in the tight junctions are called ________ ______ which allow fluid passages/permeability.

Answer 13

Tight junctions. Intercellular clefts.

Question 14

Three types of capillaries

Answer 14

Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

Question 15

Continuous is the _____ permeable/fewest intercellular clefts, with pericytes. Abundant in _____, ____ and _____

Answer 15

Least. Skeletal muscle, skin lungs.

Question 16

Fenestrated is an ____ ______ area.

Answer 16

Active filtration

Question 17

Sinusoid are located in the _____, _____, and ____ medulla. ____ _____ in the endothelial layer. Large intercellular clefts. Large irregularly shaped ______

Answer 17

Liver, spleen, adrenal medulla. Large holes. Lumen.

Question 18

Blood flow =. Blood flow also =

Answer 18

Change in pressure divided by resistance. Cardiac output

Question 19

Resistance =

Answer 19

Length of blood vessels x blood viscosity / radius4

Question 20

Systolic blood pressure is

Answer 20

Pressure on artery walls during ventricular contractions

Question 21

Diastolic blood pressure is

Answer 21

Pressure on artery walls while heart is at rest

Question 22

Pulse pressure is

Answer 22

The difference between systolic and diastolic

Question 23

Three components of venous return

Answer 23

Muscle pumps, respiratory pumps, sympathetic venoconstriction

Question 24

Muscle pumps work as

Answer 24

Muscles contract they squeeze veins forcing the blood upward to the right atrium

Question 25

Respiratory pumps

Answer 25

When inhaling, abdominal pressure increases while thoracic pressure decreases forcing the blood up into the right atrium

Question 26

Sympathetic venoconstriction

Answer 26

Sympathetic nervous system signals the smooth muscle to contract, thus inducing venoconstriction. Stiffens veins meaning they are unable to pool / clot.

Question 27

Cardiac output =

Answer 27

Heart rate x Stroke volume

Question 28

Increasing heart rate = increasing ______. Increasing stroke volume = _______

Answer 28

Cardiac output.

Question 29

Three main factors regulate blood pressure

Answer 29

Cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume.