Chapter 19 Flashcards
Pharyngitis
Caused by: Streptococcus pyogenes
- inflammation of the throat
Signs and Symptoms of Pharyngitis
-redness, swollen tonsils, & pain
-white patches
Pathogenesis and Virulence of Pharyngitis
If untreated, complications may result:
Scarlet fever
o S. pyogenes infected with bacteriophage
-Produces erythrogenic toxin
o Sandpaper-like rash & high fever
o Fatality rate up to 95%
Rheumatic fever
o overreaction of immune system
o permanent damage of heart valves and joints
transmission and epidemiology of pharyngitis
- Respiratory droplets/direct contact with mucus
- > 80 strains
culture and diagnosis of pharyngitis
- rapid strep test
-culture on blood agar
prevention and treatment of pharyngitis
- no vaccine
- penicillin
pneumonia
inflammatory condition of lungs in which fluid fills alveoli
- caused by wide variety of microbes : viral , bacterial, fungal
Community acquired pneumonia
- acquired from general population, numerous pathogenic causes
Healthcare-associated pneumonia
Acquired while patient received treatment within HF
- usually ventilator-associated (VAP) or tracheal tube
-fewer pathogenic causes
* often aspirated from patient’s flora: rare but high mortality rate is occurs
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
- RNA coronavirus
Signs and Symptoms of COVID
-none
-fever, body aches, chills, loss of taste & smell
- Pneumonia, blood clots. blood vessel damage throughout body
- post covid symptoms
Pathogenesis and Virulence of Covid
- damages lungs and other tissues
- may block interferon production
transmission and epidemiology of covid
-droplet and airborne transmission
- asymptomatic carriers possible
culture and diagnosis
rapid antigen tests and PCR
Prevention and treatment of Covid
- Multiple vaccines and boosters
- hand washing, face covering, and distance
- few drug treatments
Signs and symptoms of Influenza
- 1 to 4 day incubation
- Begin in URT - may progress to LRT
- headache, body aches, fever, chills, sore throat
- extreme fatigue
- secondary infections may lead to pneumonia
Causative agent of flu
influenza virus A
- Glycoproteins within envelope
Hemagglutinin: allows the virus to bind to host respiratory cells
Neuraminidase: assist in viral release from host cells
