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Bio 150 Exam 3 > Chapter 18 - The Circulatory System: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - The Circulatory System: Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following is not a function of blood?
A. Transports a variety of nutrients
B. Helps to stabilize the pH of extracellular fluids
C. Participates in the initiation of blood clotting
D. Produces plasma hormones
E. Helps to regulate body temperature `

A

D. Produces plasma hormones

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2
Q 
Which of the following is not contained in the buffy coat?  
A.  Lymphocytes 
B.  Granulocytes 
C.  Erythrocytes 
D.  Agranulocytes 
E.  Platelets
A

C. Erythrocytes

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3
Q 
A normal hematocrit is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the total blood volume.  
A.  less than 1% 
B.  47% to 63% 
C.  25% to 37% 
D.  42% to 45% 
E.  37% to 52%
A

E. 37% to 52%

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4
Q 
Which of the following is not normally found in plasma?  
A.  Glycogen 
B.  Fibrinogen 
C.  Glucose 
D.  Urea 
E.  Albumin
A

A. Glycogen

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5
Q 
Which of the following proteins is not normally found in plasma?  
A.  Albumin 
B.  Hemoglobin 
C.  Transferrin 
D.  Prothrombin 
E.  Fibrinogen
A

B. Hemoglobin

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6
Q 
What is the most abundant protein in plasma?  
A.  Insulin 
B.  Creatine 
C.  Bilirubin 
D.  Albumin 
E.  Creatinine
A

D. Albumin

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7
Q

Which of the following would not decrease the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP)?
A. Severe liver failure
B. A diet predominantly based on red meat
C. Starvation
D. An extremely low-protein diet
E. Hypoproteinemia

A

B. A diet predominantly based on red meat

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8
Q 
Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  fibrinogen 
B.  nitrogenous wastes 
C.  platelets 
D.  glucose 
E.  albumin
A

A. fibrinogen

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9
Q

Tissues can become edematous (swollen) when which of the following occurs?
A. Colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is high.
B. There is hyperproteinemia.
C. The concentration of sodium and proteins in blood is high.
D. The hematocrit is high.
E. There is a dietary protein deficiency.

A

E. There is a dietary protein deficiency.

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10
Q 
Where does myeloid hemopoiesis take place in adults?  
A.  Thymus 
B.  Spleen 
C.  Red bone marrow 
D.  Yellow bone marrow 
E.  Liver
A

C. Red bone marrow

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11
Q 
The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ than to any other factor.  
A.  fibrin 
B.  albumin 
C.  sodium 
D.  erythrocytes 
E.  nitrogenous wastes
A

D. erythrocytes

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12
Q 
Erythrocytes transport oxygen and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  defend the body against pathogens 
B.  initiate blood clotting 
C.  regulate erythropoiesis 
D.  transport nutrients 
E.  transport some carbon dioxide
A

E. transport some carbon dioxide

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13
Q 
Most oxygen is transported in the blood bound to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  the plasma membrane of erythrocytes 
B.  alpha chains in hemoglobin 
C.  beta chains in hemoglobin 
D.  delta chains in hemoglobin 
E.  heme groups in hemoglobin
A

E. heme groups in hemoglobin

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14
Q

What would happen if all of the hemoglobin contained within the RBCs became free in the plasma?
A. It would considerably increase blood oxygen carrying capacity.
B. It would facilitate delivery of oxygen into tissues supplied by small capillaries.
C. It would facilitate oxygen diffusion into cells distant from blood capillaries.
D. It would significantly increase blood osmolarity.
E. It would drastically increase osmotic colloid pressure.

A

D. It would significantly increase blood osmolarity.

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15
Q 
An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  increased hypoxemia 
B.  increased blood osmolarity 
C.  increased RBC production 
D.  increased blood viscosity 
E.  increased hematocrit
A

A. increased hypoxemia

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16
Q 
Where do most RBCs die?  
A.  Stomach and small intestine 
B.  Red bone marrow 
C.  Spleen and liver 
D.  Lymph nodes and thymus 
E.  Stomach and liver
A

C. Spleen and liver

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17
Q

Which of the following would not lead to polycythemia?
A. Cancer of the erythropoietic line of the red bone marrow
B. Iron deficiency
C. Dehydration
D. Emphysema
E. Excessive aerobic exercise

A

B. Iron deficiency

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18
Q

Which of the following is most likely to cause anemia?
A. High altitude
B. Air pollution other than by carbon monoxide
C. Renal disease
D. Smoking
E. Any factor that creates a state of hypoxemia

A

C. Renal disease

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19
Q

Which of the following is not true of a patient with anemia?
A. Their blood viscosity is increased.
B. They are lethargic.
C. Their blood osmolarity is reduced.
D. Their resistance to blood flow is reduced.
E. More fluid transfers from their bloodstream into their intercellular spaces.

A

A. Their blood viscosity is increased.

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20
Q 
What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?  
A.  Biliverdin 
B.  Bilirubin 
C.  Globin 
D.  Heme 
E.  Iron
A

B. Bilirubin

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21
Q 
Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  a self-amplifying mechanism 
B.  an enzymatic amplification 
C.  a positive feedback loop 
D.  a negative feedback loop 
E.  a cascade effect
A

D. a negative feedback loop

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22
Q 
A deficiency of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ can cause pernicious anemia.  
A.  vitamin C 
B.  iron 
C.  vitamin B12 
D.  EPO secretion 
E.  folic acid
A

C. vitamin B12

23
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding sickle-cell disease?
A. It is caused by a recessive allele that modifies the structure of hemoglobin.
B. It is due to a hereditary hemoglobin defect.
C. It is advantageous in that it can protect carriers against malaria.
D. It is a cause of malaria.
E. It is a cause of anemia.

A

D. It is a cause of malaria.

24
Q 
The ABO blood group is determined by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the plasma membrane of RBCs.  
A.  glycolipids 
B.  glycoproteins 
C.  antibodies 
D.  antigen-antibody complexes 
E.  agglutinins
A

A. glycolipids

25
Q 
A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and can receive RBCs from someone of type \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  O; AB 
B.  AB; O 
C.  A; B 
D.  B; A 
E.  O; O
A

B. AB; O

26
Q 
A person with type AB blood has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ RBC antigen(s).  
A.  no 
B.  anti-A and anti-B 
C.  anti-A 
D.  anti-B 
E.  A and B
A

E. A and B

27
Q

Why are pregnant Rh- women given an injection of Rh immune globulin?
A. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies.
B. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
C. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-A antibodies.
D. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-O antibodies.
E. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-B antibodies.

A

A. Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies.

28
Q 
The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is blood type \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  AB, Rh-negative 
B.  AB, Rh-positive 
C.  O, Rh-negative 
D.  O, Rh-positive 
E.  ABO, Rh-negative
A

C. O, Rh-negative

29
Q 
An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ antigen(s) and can produce anti-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ antibodies.  
A.  A and D; B 
B.  B and D; A 
C.  B; A and D 
D.  A; B and D 
E.  D; A and B
A

B. B and D; A

30
Q

The main reason why an individual with type AB, Rh-negative blood cannot donate blood to an individual with type A, Rh-positive blood is because __________.
A. anti-A antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient
B. anti-A antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor
C. anti-B antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBCs of the recipient
D. anti-D antibodies in the donor will agglutinate RBC of the recipient
E. anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor

A

E. anti-B antibodies in the recipient will agglutinate RBCs of the donor

31
Q 
A woman's first pregnancy is normal but her second pregnancy results in hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The second child needed a transfusion to completely replace the agglutinating blood. The mother is most likely type \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and both children are most likely \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive 
B.  A, Rh-positive; B, Rh-negative 
C.  O, Rh-negative; AB, Rh-negative 
D.  AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-negative 
E.  AB, Rh-positive; O, Rh-positive
A

A. A, Rh-negative; B, Rh-positive

32
Q 
What are the least abundant of the formed elements?  
A.  Platelets 
B.  Basophils 
C.  Erythrocytes 
D.  Neutrophils 
E.  Eosinophils
A

B. Basophils

33
Q 
What are the most abundant agranulocytes?  
A.  Macrophages 
B.  Eosinophils 
C.  Monocytes 
D.  Lymphocytes 
E.  Neutrophils
A

D. Lymphocytes

34
Q 
The number of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.  
A.  basophils 
B.  monocytes 
C.  erythrocytes 
D.  eosinophils 
E.  neutrophils
A

E. neutrophils

35
Q 
Which cells aid in the body's defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin?  
A.  Eosinophils 
B.  Basophils 
C.  Neutrophils 
D.  Platelets 
E.  Monocytes
A

B. Basophils

36
Q 
Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  pluripotent stem cells 
B.  precursor cells 
C.  colony-forming units 
D.  myeloblasts 
E.  lymphoblasts
A

A. pluripotent stem cells

37
Q 
Some lymphocytes can survive as long as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  days 
B.  weeks 
C.  months 
D.  years 
E.  decades
A

E. decades

38
Q 
A patient is diagnosed with leukocytosis if they have more than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ WBCs/L.  
A.  100,000 
B.  50,000 
C.  10,000 
D.  5,000 
E.  1,000
A

C. 10,000

39
Q

Which of the following has not been implicated in causing leukemia?
A. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
B. Lead poisoning
C. Radiation therapy
D. Dehydration
E. Immunosuppressant drugs

A

D. Dehydration

40
Q 
What is the largest leukocyte that contains small cytoplasmic granules and typically a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus?  
A.  Monocyte 
B.  Lymphocyte 
C.  Neutrophil 
D.  Eosinophil 
E.  Basophil
A

A. Monocyte

41
Q 
Which of the following are not secreted by platelets?  
A.  Procoagulants 
B.  Thrombopoietin 
C.  Growth factors 
D.  Vasoconstrictors 
E.  Chemicals that attract neutrophils
A

B. Thrombopoietin

42
Q 
The cessation of bleeding is specifically called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  a vascular spasm 
B.  homeostasis 
C.  hemostasis 
D.  platelet plug formation 
E.  coagulation
A

C. hemostasis

43
Q

What is the function of thromboplastin in hemostasis?
A. It initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
B. It initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
C. It converts prothrombin into thrombin.
D. It acts as a potent vasoconstrictor to reduce blood loss.
E. It dissolves the clot after the tissue has healed.

A

B. It initiates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.

44
Q 
When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  prothrombin 
B.  thromboplastin 
C.  kallikrein 
D.  plasmin 
E.  platelet-derived growth factor
A

D. plasmin

45
Q

Which of these does not prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot?
A. The presence of tissue thromboplastin
B. The smooth prostacyclin-coated endothelium of blood vessels
C. The dilution of thrombin when blood flows at a normal rate
D. The presence of antithrombin in plasma
E. The presence of heparin in plasma

A

A. The presence of tissue thromboplastin

46
Q 
Platelets release \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.  
A.  heparin 
B.  thrombin 
C.  thromboplastin 
D.  prostacyclin 
E.  serotonin
A

E. serotonin

47
Q 
The structural framework of a blood clot is formed by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  soluble fibrinogen 
B.  soluble fibrin 
C.  a fibrin polymer 
D.  a fibrinogen polymer 
E.  a thrombin polymer
A

C. a fibrin polymer

48
Q 
Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.  
A.  thrombus; embolus 
B.  embolism; thrombus 
C.  plaque; thrombus 
D.  thrombosis; plaque 
E.  plaque; embolus
A

A. thrombus; embolus

49
Q 
During coagulation, which of the following is found in the extrinsic mechanism only?  
A.  Calcium 
B.  Prothrombin activator 
C.  Prothrombin 
D.  Thromboplastin 
E.  Thrombin
A

D. Thromboplastin

50
Q 
Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body?  
A.  Spleen 
B.  Red bone marrow 
C.  Perivascular tissue 
D.  Kidneys 
E.  Liver
A

E. Liver

51
Q

A patient is suffering from ketoacidosis caused by an unregulated high protein diet. Which function of the blood has been compromised?
A. Stabilizing fluid distribution in the body
B. Stabilizing the body’s pH
C. Protecting against microorganisms
D. Transporting nutrients
E. Transporting hormones

A

B. Stabilizing the body’s pH

52
Q 
Where in the body are hemopoietic stem cells found?  
A.  Yellow bone marrow 
B.  Thymus 
C.  Red bone marrow 
D.  Spleen 
E.  Liver
A

C. Red bone marrow

53
Q 
Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke?  
A.  Thromboplastin 
B.  Fibrinogen 
C.  Fibrin 
D.  Heparin 
E.  Factor X
A

D. Heparin

54
Q

Blood clots in the limbs put a patient most at risk for __________.
A. hemophilia
B. pulmonary embolism
C. thrombocytopenia
D. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
E. septicemia

A

B. pulmonary embolism

Bio 150 Exam 3 (2 decks)

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