Chapter 18 Test Flashcards
Psychological Disorder
a behavior pattern or mental process that causes serious personal suffering or interferes with a person’s ability to cope with everyday life
Depression
a psychological disorder characterized by extreme sadness, an inability to concentrate, and feeling of helplessness and great sadness
Mania
a mood characterized by extreme excitement, elation, hyperactivity, and chaotic behavior
Somatization
the expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms; it comes from the Greek word for “body”
Phobia
an excessive, irrational fear out of proportion to the actual danger
Bipolar Disorder
disorders in which person’s mood changes from depression to wild elation and back again
Dissociation
the separation of certain personality components or mental processes from conscious thought
Personality Disorders`
a pattern of inflexible traits that disrupts social life or work and causes distress
A person in the manic phase of bipolar disorder may have what symptoms?
- persistently/abnormally elevated
- inflated self-esteem; racing thoughts, difficulty concentrating, etc.
- can quickly lead to the depression phase
What is a general state of dread or uneasiness called?
Anxiety
What are repetitive ritual behaviors often involving checking or cleaning called?
Compulsions
What is behavior that impairs an individual’s ability to function adequately in everyday life called?
Maladaptivity
Psychologists determine whether a person has a psychological disorder based on whether his or her behavior is what?
Normal - What the average is for the majority of people
Abnormality - Deviation from the majority
What is the name of the most widely used classification scheme for psychological disorders?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)
On what basis were psychological disorders classified before 1980?
Psychological disorders were previously organized based on their presumed causes
The short-term anxiety disorder that occurs almost immediately after a traumatic event is called what?
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)
A person is diagnosed with major depression when he or she has what symptoms?
- must have at least 5 for about 2 weeks to be diagnosed:
*1.) persistent depressed mood for most of the day
*2.) loss of interest/pleasure in all/almost all activities
3.) significant weight loss/gain due to changing appetite
4.) sleeping more/less than usual
5.) speeding up/slowing down of physical/emotional reactions
6.) fatigue/loss of energy
7.) feelings of worthlessness/unfounded guilt
8.) reduced ability to concentrate/make decisions
9.) recurrent thoughts of death/suicide
What was bipolar depression once called?
Manic Depression
A person with dissociative identity disorder has what symptoms?
- Becomes a disorder when people “avoid” stressful events or feelings
- May lose memory of an event or even forget who they are
- They are able to remove themselves from the source of stress
According to psychoanalytic theory, people dissociate in order to do what?
people dissociate to repress unacceptable urges
Conversion disorders involve a change in a person’s_____.
Physical functioning in a major part of the body
What kind of disorder is hypochondriasis?
Somatoform Disorder
What is the usual cause of dissociative disorder? `
Chronic Trauma
In most cases, what type of hallucinations do people with schizophrenia have?
Catatonic Stupor
What are people with disorganized schizophrenia likely to experience?
- incoherent in thought and speech and disorganized in their behavior
- emotionless or inappropriate emotions
- neglect appearance and hygiene
A person with catatonic schizophrenia is most affected by what?
Movement, Wavy flexibility
People who have ordered and systematic delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations relating to a single theme suffer from what?
Paranoid Schizophrenia
At what age does schizophrenia usually appear?
Men - Late teens to early 20s
Women - late 20s to early 30s
What characterizes people with personality disorders?
Enduring traits that are major components of the individual’s personality
What do people who are loners and have no interest in relationships with other people likely to suffer from?
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Learning theorists suggest that antisocial personality disorders can be caused when children do what?
lie, steal, hurt people/animals
People with paranoid personality disorder tend to be difficult to get along with and do what?
perceives other people’s behavior as threatening
What keeps people with avoidant personality disorder from having relationships with others?
wants relationships, but are stopped by tremendous fear of others’
disapproval
A person with a bipolar disorder experiences alternating periods of what symptoms?
dramatic ups and downs
When a person feels very anxious and cannot stop thinking about something even though it is unpleasant, he or she suffers from what disorder?
OCD
Cognitive theorists’ views on depression.
?
Name and EXPLAIN 2 forms of schizophrenia.
Paranoid Schizophrenia
- delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations🡪 single theme
- may be distrustful of everyone, agitated, confused, and afraid
Catatonic Schizophrenia
- disturbance of movement; wavy flexibility
- may hold unusual, uncomfortable body positions for long period of time
What is post-traumatic stress disorder? What group does it greatly affect?
persistent, intense feelings of anxiety that are caused by a traumatic
experience
Anxiety and Mood Disorders
