Chapter 18 terms

Question 1

rules either implicit or explicit that govern the behavior of group members

Answer 1

Group Dynamics norms

Question 2

when like minded people share ideas outcome is likely more extreme than individual positions

Answer 2

Group Polarization

Question 3

the tendency for individuals to censor their own beliefs to preserve the harmony of the group lack of diversity of viewpoints that can cause disastrous results in decision making

Answer 3

Group think

Question 4

Loss of self awareness and restraint resulting from immersion in a group

Answer 4

Deindiviuation

Question 5

the tendency of individuals to put less effort into a group task than when they are individually accountable

Answer 5

Social loafing

Question 6

improved performance of well learned tasks in front of others

Answer 6

social facilitation

Question 7

the lone dissenter can have an effect in situations

Answer 7

minority influence

Question 8

Attributing more favorable qualities to “Us”

Answer 8

In-Group bias

Question 9

Belief that members of another group are more similar in their attitudes than they really are

Answer 9

Out-Group homogeneity

Question 10

unjustified attitudes we hold about others

Answer 10

Prejudice

Question 11

when prejudice attitudes result in unjustified behavior towards members of a group

Answer 11

Discrimination

Question 12

overgeneralized belief about the characteristics of members of a particular group schema used to judge others quickly

Answer 12

stereotype

Question 13

Attributes the prejudice to frustration when own self worth in is doubt or jeopardy we find others to blame

Answer 13

Scapegoat theory

Question 14

Basic belief that our culture is superior to others

Answer 14

Ethnocentrism

Question 15

Proposed that equal status contact between antagonistic groups should lower tension and increase harmony

Answer 15

Contact theory

Question 16

An emergency situation that requires joint cooperation of both groups to solve

Answer 16

superordinate goals

Question 17

we attribute our successes to personal causes and our failures to situational factors

Answer 17

self serving bias

Question 18

when assessing why other people acted why they did we tend to underestimate the situational factors
and overestimate dispositional factors

Answer 18

fundamental attribution error

Question 19

the tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational causes and the behavior of others to personal causes

Answer 19

actor-observer bias

Question 20

the belief that people get what they deserve

Answer 20

just world phenomenon

Question 21

a tendency to let our preconceived expectations of others influence how we treat them and thus bring about the very behavior we expected

Answer 21

self fulfilling prophecy

Question 22

accepting others opinions about reality especially under conditions of uncertainty

Answer 22

informational social influence

Question 23

going along with the decisions of the group in order to gain its social approval

Answer 23

normative social influence

Question 24

the tendency to comply with a large request if we have previously complied with smaller request

Answer 24

foot in the door

Question 25

someone makes a very large request we are almost certain to refuse and follows up this with a smaller one and out of guilt we comply with the smaller request

Answer 25

door in the face

Question 26

after given a gift we listen to what they want then when they ask for a donation we feel obliged because of the gift

Answer 26

reciprocity norm

Question 27

people unconsciously begin to adopt the beliefs of their parents friends and significant others

Answer 27

mere exposure effect

Question 28

the tension that results from holding conflicting beliefs attitudes opinions or values when our actions do not coincide with these cognitions

Answer 28

cognitive dissonance

Question 29

a speaker uses facts figures and other information to enable listeners to carefully process the information and think about their opinions

Answer 29

central route of persuasion

Question 30

Pairing things with popular/famous/people/ concepts to make them more appealable

Answer 30

peripheral route of persuasion

Question 31

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Answer 31

altruism

Question 32

Will help only if the situation enables us to first notice the incident then interpret it as an emergency and finally assume the responsibility for helping

Answer 32

bystander intervention

Question 33

we are less likely to help when other are present

Answer 33

diffusion of responsibility

Question 34

when we are blocked short of a goal we get frustrated frustration creates anger which may generate aggression

Answer 34

Frustration aggression principle

Question 35

an act of aggression that intends to hurt someone but as a means to a goal other than causing pain

Answer 35

instrumental aggression

Question 36

act of aggression stemming from a feeling of anger and intended to cause pain or injury

Answer 36

hostile aggression

Question 37

proximity, physical attractiveness and similarity

Answer 37

3 influences