Chapter 18: Respiration Flashcards
What is Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl Co A)?
A molecule that enters the Krebs cycle from glycolysis through a linking reaction when coenzyme A combines with an acetyl group.
What is ADP (Adenosine diphosphate)?
A nucleotide composed of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a pentose sugar (ribose) and two phosphate groups. Formed by the hydrolysis of ATP, releasing a phosphate ion and energy.
What does aerobic mean?
In the presence of oxygen.
What is anabolism (anabolic)?
Reactions of metabolism that construct molecules from smaller units. These reactions require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
What does anaerobic mean?
The absence of oxygen.
What is ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)?
A nucleotide composed of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a pentose sugar (ribose) and three phosphate groups. he universal energy currency for cells.
What is ATP synthase?
An enzyme that catalyse is the formation of ATP from ADP and Pi. Found protruding out of the inner membrane into the matrix. Allows protons to diffuse through a channel protein associated with the enzyme from the inter membrane space into the matrix. The flow of protons through this channel provides the energy used to synthesise ATP in a process called chemiosmosis.
What is catabolism (catabolic)?
Reactions of metabolism that breaks molecules down into smaller units. These reactions release energy.
What is chemiosmosis?
Flow of protons (H+ ions) down their concentration/ electrochemical gradient, across a cell membrane into the matrix. Allows protons to diffuse through a channel protein associated with the enzyme from the inter membrane space into the matrix. The flow of protons through this channel provides the energy used to synthesise ATP in a process called chemiosomosis.
What is citrate?
A 6-carbon molecule formed in Krebs cycle by the combination of oxalocetate and acetyl coenzyme A.
