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Critical Phases Final Exam > Chapter 18: Psychosocial Development In Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Psychosocial Development In Late Adulthood Flashcards

0
Q

Is emotionality more positive or negative at this age? Why? What type of people are most positive vs. negative

A

Positive; no work, taxes, no kids, etc.

Extraverts are the most positive
Neurotics are the most negative

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1
Q

T/F personality traits remain stable

A

True

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2
Q

Erikson’s crisis

A

Ego integrity vs. despair (satisfied with who you are)

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3
Q

Eriksons virtue

A

Wisdom- acceptance of ones life and impending death
Practical application of that knowledge
Wise people are more optimistic

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4
Q

Coping methods: vaillant

A

Use of mature adaptive mechanisms-altruism, humor, anticipation, earlier in adulthood predicts psychosocial adjustment in late life

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5
Q

Coping methods: cognitive-appraisal method

A

Adults of all ages generally prefer problem-focused coping (action-oriented strategies)

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6
Q

T/F older adults do less emotion-focused coping (managing the emotional response) when the situation calls for it

A

False

  • Take action to fix a problem
  • can manage better than young adults
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7
Q

T/F religion is an important source of emotion-focused coping for many older adults

A

True

Source of social capital

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8
Q

What type of correlation is there between religion and spirituality and health

A

Positive

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9
Q

Who is most likely to be more involved in religious activities?

A

Older African American women than elderly whites

Women more than men

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10
Q

What is considered “successful aging”

A

Avoidance of disease and disability
Maintenance of high physical (exercise and eat well) and cognitive function (ex. Soduko)
Sustained, active engagement in social and productive activities

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11
Q

death rate goes up to what % more likely when lonely; when poor

A

15%, 19%

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12
Q

Successful aging: disengagement theory (Henry)

A

Aging brings a gradual reduction in social involvement- do less socially

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13
Q

Successful aging: activity theory (Neugarten)

A

The more active people are, the better they age

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14
Q

Successful aging: continuity theory (Atchiey)

A

Connection between past and present

Stories ex. Dunlevy’s example of the height chart, traditions

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15
Q

Successful aging: Baltes theory

A

It may depend on selective optimization with compensation
Getting older, do less, practice more often
Using stronger abilities to compensate for abilities that have weakened

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16
Q

What are some alternatives to retirement

A

Phased retirement, PT work, volunteer work, or possible starting a new career

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17
Q

T/F age has only negative aspects on job performance

A

False, it has both positive and negative
Negative because slower, may not be as agile and quick mind as younger worker
Positive because of experience, on time, friendly, more-committed, have less to do out of work

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18
Q

T/F individual differences are more significant than age differences

A

True

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19
Q

T/F older adults tend to be less satisfied with their work as well as less committed

A

False, but always depends more on individual work ethic

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20
Q

What percent of older adults can expect in poverty at some point

A

30%; retirement funding is shaky for middle-aged adults

21
Q

What do the emotional impacts of retirement depend on

A

Personal, economic, social resources, and how long a person has been retired all affect morale

22
Q

Where does the focus shift after requirement

A

Towards family, leisure and balanced investments (time spent between family, work and leisure.

23
Q

Describe serious leisure

A

Leisure that requires skill, attention and commitment

Typically higher intellectual ability

24
Q

What are the differences in living arrangements between developing and developed countries?

A

Developing countries: often live with children or grandchildren bc of poverty and low amounts of nursing homes
Developed countries: most with a spouse or alone

25
Q

T/F White elderly are more likely to live with extended family than are minority elderly

A

False, minority elderly are more likely to live with extended family

26
Q

T/F most elderly prefer to age in nursing homes

A

False, most prefer to ‘age in place’

Typically need assistance, usually a kid or spouse

27
Q

Which gender typically lives longer

A

Women, typically more independence, men need women to take care of them

28
Q

T/F most Americans who live alone are widowed

A

True

False in Europe, way more people lived alone

29
Q

How common is institutionalization for the elderly in developing countries

A

Pretty rare, less than 5% of the older population

Proportion increases as age increases

30
Q

What group of elderly are the most institutionalized

A

Widows

31
Q

How is assisted-living different from nursing homes

A

You have more independence in assisted-living

Can typically handle most ADL, just not all IADL

32
Q

What group is elder abuse most common in and who is typically guilty of it

A

Most common in frail or demented elderly living

Spouse and child typically due to caregiver burnout, their inability to fight back

33
Q

True/false: frequency as well as importance of social contact in relationship declines

A

False, frequency typically declines, but the relationships tend to stay important to older people

34
Q

Describe the socioemotional selectivity theory

A

Older people prefer to spend time with those who enhance their emotional well-being

35
Q

T/F older people tend to have a stable inner circle of social support

A

True

36
Q

What is the correlation between social support and health

A

Their is a positive correlation, social capital is a huge influence

37
Q

T/F isolation is a risk factor for mortality

A

True

38
Q

Describe the role of elderly in various cultures of multigenerational families

A

U.S.- the nuclear family, leave it to beaver, the middle
Hispanic and Asian: Intergenerational family with power held by older generations
African American and Irish American- collateral, egalitarian relationship among generations

39
Q

True/false elderly have more respect in the US than in other countries

A

False

40
Q

Which gender typically gets married later in life

A

Men, women tend to outlive their husbands and are less likely to remarry

41
Q

T/F divorce in late adulthood is common

A

False

It is especially difficult when it occurs

42
Q

T/F most older adults who have been divorced are remarried

A

True, most remarriages are more relaxed

Less stress, don’t have to worry about kids, work, etc.

43
Q

T/F marriages that last late into adulthood tend to be more satisfying

A

True

44
Q

Is there an increase or decrease in the % that reach late adulthood without marrying

A

Increase, also because gay marriage is illegal

45
Q

How is the adjustment of older age homosexual compared to those of younger in terms of coming out and needs in a relationship

A

Have the same need for intimacy, social contact, and generativity
Adjustment to old age in influenced by coming-out status
Many wait till parents die, or depends on how long they have been out form

46
Q

What are the effects of friendship in late adulthoods

A

Focus is on companionship and support over work and parenting
Older adults with closer friends are healthier and happier

47
Q

T/F Adults enjoy time spent with friends over family

A

True, although family remains the main source of social support

48
Q

What is the typical relationship between elderly parents and adult children

A

They are typically in request contact with each other.

Increasingly, parents are caregivers for grandchildren and great-grandchildren

49
Q

T/F there is a disadvantage of childlessness in old age

A

False, there does not seem to be an important disadvantage

Although if they require care late in like, this may become a problem

50
Q

Which gender or siblings tend to keep in closer contact?

A

Sisters,

All siblings order each other emotional support

51
Q

T/F great-grandparents are typically more involved in children’s life than grandparents

A

False, mostly because of physical barriers

Critical Phases Final Exam (2 decks)

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