Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 2402 > chapter 18 practice test > Flashcards

chapter 18 practice test Flashcards

1
Q

Response patterns in the endocrine system are particularly effective in __________.

A)coordinating cell tissue and organ activities on a sustained long-term basis
B)crisis management
C)rapid short-term specific responses
D)the release of chemical neurotransmitters

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following would NOT be characterized as an endocrine-controlled process?

A)puberty
B)pregnancy
C)maintenance of reproductive abilities in a female until menopause
D)the constriction of the iris muscles when a bright light is shined on the eye

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The release of hormones by endocrine cells alters the __________.

A. very specific responses to environmental stimuli
B. rate at which chemical neurotransmitters are released

C. metabolic activities of many tissues and organs simultaneously

D. anatomical boundary between the nervous and endocrine systems

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The biogenic amino hormones include __________.
A. E, NE, dopamine, melatonin, and thyroid hormones

B. oxytocin, ADH, GH, and prolactin

C. androgens, estrogens, corticosteroids, and calcitriol

D. leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following is NOT classified as an amino acid–derivative hormone?
A. epinephrine

B. melatonin

C. eicosanoids

D. thyroxine

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A hormone that stimulates the opening of calcium channels and interaction with calmodulin __________.

A. will trigger the activation of cytoplasmic enzymes

B. will pass through the cell membrane owing to its lipid nature

C. will bind to the mitochondria inside a cell

D. is parathyroid hormone

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following hormones is secreted in the pituitary gland and controls melanin production during fetal development, in young children, in pregnant women, and in some disease states?
A. melatonin

B. luteinizing hormone

C. melanocyte-stimulating hormone

D. oxytocin

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is the hypothalamus a major coordinating and control center?
A. It produces all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland.

B. It initiates endocrine and neural reflexes.

C. It contains autonomic centers and acts as an endocrine organ.

D. It stimulates appropriate responses by peripheral target cells.

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Often, when brains are removed from the body and examined in dissection, the pituitary gland is missing. This is likely because it is encased in which of the following bony structures?
A. sella turcica

B. maxillary sinus

C. frontal sinus

D. posterior cranial fossa

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the slender, funnel-shaped structure that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
A. pars tuberalis

B. infundibulum

C. sella turcica

D. sellar diaphragm

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the hormone synthesized from molecules of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the pineal gland?
A.melanocyte-stimulating hormone

B. pinealtonin

C. oxytocin

D. melatonin

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An abnormally low production of gonadotropin produces a condition called __________.
A. follitropism

B. hypogonadism

C. somatomedins

D. diabetogenesis

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The thyroid gland curves across the anterior surface of the trachea just inferior to the __________.

A. thyroid cartilage

B. scapula and clavicles

C. sternum

D. dorsal ascending aorta

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following is NOT an effect of thyroid hormones on peripheral tissues?
A. maturation of lymphocytes

B. stimulation of the formation of red blood cells

C. elevating levels of oxygen consumption and energy consumption

D. increasing heart rate and force of contraction

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypothyroidism, myxedema, and goiter may result from an inadequate amount of __________.
A. magnesium and zinc

B. salt in the diet

C. sodium and calcium

D. dietary iodide

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The two pairs of parathyroid glands are embedded in the __________.
A. anterior surfaces of the thyroid cartilage

B. lateral surfaces of the thyroid cartilage

C. anterior surfaces of the thyroid glands

D. posterior surfaces of the thyroid glands

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the hormones released by the adrenal medulla?

A. mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

B. aldosterone and androgens

C. cortisol and corticosterone

D. epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocrine secretions from which of the following adrenal regions would increase levels of sodium ions retained at the kidney?
A. zona reticularis

B. adrenal medulla

C. zona glomerulosa

D. zona fasciculata

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Abnormal glucocorticoid production by the adrenal glands results in __________.
A. Addison disease and Cushing disease

B. seasonal affective disorder

C. adrenogenital and gynecomastia syndrome

D. hypo- and hyperaldosterism

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following statements about the pineal gland is INCORRECT?
A. It produces melatonin.

B. It is found in the diencephalon of the brain.

C. It secretes androgens, along with the gonads.

D. It is important in maintaining the circadian rhythms, or day–night cycles, of an individual.

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which hormones are produced by the pancreatic islets that regulate blood glucose concentrations?

A. cortisol and androgens

B. leptin and resistin

C. insulin and glucagon

D. calcitonin and calcitriol

18
Q

The pancreas lies in the J-shaped loop between the stomach and the small intestine in the __________.
A. pelvic cavity

B. thoracic cavity

C. cranial cavity

D. abdominopelvic cavity

19
Q

Common diabetic-related medical problems include which of the following?
A. low blood pressure

B. muscular weakness

C. neurological disorders

D. partial or complete blindness

19
Q

One of the major effects of ANP produced by the heart is that it __________.
A. constricts peripheral blood vessels

B. assists with the production of red blood cells

C. decreases thirst

D. promotes water retention at the kidneys

20
Which hormone, released from adipose tissue, causes a sense of fullness and satiety? A. leptin B. glucagon C. resistin D. aldosterone
A
21
The additive effects of growth hormone (GH) and glucocorticoids illustrate the __________. A. antagonistic effect B. synergistic effect C. integrative effect D. permissive effect
B
22
The differing but complementary effects of calcitriol and parathyroid hormone on tissues involved in calcium metabolism illustrate the __________. A. additive effect B. integrative effect C. antagonistic effect D. permissive effect
B
23
Insulin is important to normal growth because it promotes __________. A. providing adequate amounts of energy and nutrients to growing cells B. normal development of the nervous system C. absorption of calcium salts for deposition in the bone D. All of the listed responses are correct.
A
24
Which type of pancreatic cell produces glucagon? A. F cell B. delta cell C. alpha cell D. beta cell
C
25
In children, when sex hormones are produced prematurely, the obvious behavioral changes will cause the child to be __________. A. lethargic and docile B. overweight and disgruntled C. regressive and retarded D. aggressive and assertive
D
26
The specialized cells in the parathyroid glands that secrete parathormone are __________. A. cells of the pars distalis B. follicular epithelial cells C. chief cells D. C cells
C
26
The hormone secreted in large amounts by the thyroid gland that contains four iodine ions is __________. A. triiodothyronine B. thyroglobulin C. thyroxine D. calcitonin
C
27
The hormones that are of primary importance to normal growth include __________. A. ADH, AVP, E, NE, and PTH B.mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, ACTH, LH, and insulin C. GH, thyroid hormones, insulin, PTH, and reproductive hormones D. TSH, ACTH, insulin, parathormone, and LH
C
28
The most dramatic functional change that occurs in the endocrine system due to aging is __________. A. an overall decrease in circulating hormone levels B. a decline in the concentration of reproductive hormones C. a decrease in blood and tissue concentrations of ADH and TSH D. All of the listed responses are correct.
B
29
All the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, heart, kidneys, adipose, digestive tract, and pancreas are __________. A. amino acid derivatives B. catecholamines C. steroid hormones D. peptide hormones
D
30
The binding of a peptide hormone to its receptor starts a biochemical chain of events that changes the pattern of __________. A. enzymatic activity within the cell B. an RNA transcription in the nucleus C. calcium ion release or entry into the cell D. diffusion through the lipid portion of the cell membrane
A
31
A pituitary endocrine cell that is stimulated by a releasing hormone is usually __________. A. inhibited by the peripheral hormone it controls B. not affected by the peripheral hormone it controls C. also stimulated by the peripheral hormone it controls D. stimulated or inhibited by the peripheral hormone it controls
A
32
The hypothalamus has a profound effect on endocrine functions through the secretion of __________. A. anterior and posterior pituitary hormones B. neurotransmitters involved in reflex activity C. releasing and inhibiting hormones D. All of the listed responses are correct.
C
33
Which of the following pancreatic structures secretes large quantities of an alkaline, enzyme-rich fluid used to digest materials in the duodenum? A. alpha cells B. delta cells C. pancreatic islets D. pancreatic acini
D
34
Which of the following does NOT stimulate the release of renin from the kidneys? A. parasympathetic stimulation B. sympathetic stimulation C. a decline in renal blood flow D. None of the listed responses is correct.
A
35
The glycoprotein hormone FSH in the male is responsible for __________. A. The male does not secrete FSH. B. sperm formation and testosterone secretion C. maturation of germinative cells in the gonads D. production of interstitial cells in the male
B
36
The protein hormone prolactin is involved with __________. A. melanin synthesis B. labor contractions and milk ejection C. production of testosterone D. production of milk
D
36
The endocrine functions of the kidney and the heart include the production and secretion of which of the following hormones? A. renin and angiotensinogen B. insulin and glucagons C. epinephrine and norepinephrine D. erythropoietin and atrial natriuretic peptide
D
37
The amino acid–derivative hormone epinephrine is responsible for __________. A. increased cardiac activity B. glycogen breakdown C. release of lipids by adipose tissues D. All of the listed responses are correct.
D
38
Secretions from which of the following areas of the cortex cause Cushing disease? A. zona fasciculata B. adrenal medulla C. zona glomerulosa D. zona reticularis
A
39
Glucocorticoids are hormones produced and secreted by the __________. A. cortex of the cerebral hemisphere B. somatosensory cortex of the cerebrum C. cortex of the adrenal glands D. medulla of the adrenal glands
C
40
The reproductive system of the male produces which of the following endocrine hormones? A. LH and ICSH B. inhibin and testosterone C. FSH and ICSH D. All of the listed responses are correct.
B
41
The endocrine tissues of the reproductive system of the female produce __________. A. androgens and estrogens B. FSH and LH C. estrogens, inhibin, and progesterone D. All of the listed responses are correct.
C
42
In adults, changes in the mixtures of hormones reaching the CNS can have significant effects on __________. A. memory and learning B. emotional states C. intellectual capabilities D. All of the listed responses are correct.
D
42
Which of the following endocrine disorders would NOT be characterized as a disorder involving growth hormone? A. acromegaly B. pituitary growth failure C. gigantism D. Cushing’s disease
D

BIOL 2402 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions