Chapter 18: Human Development Young Adult to Older Adult

Question 1

1.	The nurse working in long-term care knows that there are multiple theories regarding aging. The one the nurse most identifies with proposes that the body’s cells are leading to damaged organs and organ systems. This description is congruent with which theory?
a.
Cross-linking theory of aging
b.
Wear-and-tear theory
c.
Gould’s theory on adult development
d.
Senescence theory of aging

Answer 1

ANS: B

Question 2

2. A nurse is obtaining a history from a 37-year-old patient. What statement by the patient indicates that he has met the age-appropriate developmental task according to Gould?
   a.
   Patient describes moving out of his parents’ house into an apartment.
   b.
   Patient reminisces about past life events and accomplishments.
   c.
   Patient questions his life choices such as profession and decision not to marry.
   d.
   Patient expresses satisfaction in having his own family and successful career.

Answer 2

ANS: D

Question 3

3. The nurse plans to develop a comprehensive screening tool to use with young adults, assessing their lifestyles and healthy living habits. What barrier must the nurse plan to overcome in order to make this screening successful?
   a.
   Young adults may not see a health provider regularly.
   b.
   Young adults are so diversified that a screening tool may not be appropriate.
   c.
   Young adults have too many risky lifestyle behaviors to make education relevant.
   d.
   Young adults are too busy with their lives to see a health care provider regularly.

Answer 3

ANS: A

Question 4

4. A nurse who uses Havighurst’s theory of development is assessing a young adult. What question does the nurse ask to provide the most relevant information about this person’s successful negotiation of this developmental stage?
   a.
   “Do you find yourself doing familiar tasks in new ways to accomplish them?”
   b.
   “Please count backwards from 100 by 7s, such as 100, 93, and so on.”
   c.
   “What occupation have you chosen for your life’s work?”
   d.
   “Do you still have a good relationship with your parents and siblings?”

Answer 4

ANS: C

Question 5

5.	A nurse reads on a patient’s chart that she has sarcopenia.  What assessment does the nurse perform to confirm this?
a.
Mini-mental state exam
b.
Tests of muscle strength
c.
Gait and balance
d.
Vision and hearing

Answer 5

ANS: B

Question 6

6. A nurse is assessing a middle-aged adult for cognitive skills. The patient has difficulty with seriation tests. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?
   a.
   Document the findings and continue the assessment.
   b.
   Perform another test for fluid intelligence.
   c.
   Consult with the provider about dementia screening.
   d.
   Ask the patient about familymedical history.

Answer 6

ANS: B

Question 7

7. A nurse working with a middle-aged adult is concerned that the adult is not meeting developmental tasks associated with Erikson’s theory. What question by the nurse is most appropriate?
   a.
   Are there community organizations you would like to volunteer with?
   b.
   Do your children come to see you on a regular basis?
   c.
   Do you get at least 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week?
   d.
   How do you feel about reading for a leisure time activity?

Answer 7

ANS: A

Question 8

8.	A nurse is planning a community event in which participants will be assessed for their risk of having a stroke. Which site does the nurse choose to access the highest-risk population?
a.
Community elder center
b.
African-American church
c.
Synagogue in a rural area
d.
Asian-American grocery store

Answer 8

ANS: B

Question 9

9. An adult caregiver for an older adult reports the adult is doing well other than sleeping more frequently and for longer periods. What response by the nurse is best?
   a.
   Assess the older adult for exercise habits.
   b.
   Perform a screening for depression.
   c.
   Reassure the caregiver that this is normal.
   d.
   Ask the older adult to provide a sleep diary.

Answer 9

ANS: B

Question 10

10.	A community nurse is working with a family that consists of a middle-aged adult, an older parent with dementia, and two school-aged children. Which assessment by the nurse is most important for this family?
a.
Stress-relieving methods
b.
Child care arrangements
c.
Functional ability of the older adult
d.
Knowledge of health screening needs

Answer 10

ANS: A

Question 11

11. A young nursing student is assessing an older patient. The nurse questions whether or not to take a sexual history. What response by the faculty is best?
    a.
    Since procreation is not an issue, you do not need to discuss this.
    b.
    Only discuss this topic if you are comfortable in doing so.
    c.
    Ask the patient if he or she wants to talk about sexuality.
    d.
    Sexuality is a basic human need and needs to be assessed.

Answer 11

ANS: D

Question 12

12. The nurse working with older adults encourages them to stay healthy. What instruction by the nurse takes priority?
    a.
    Eat at least seven servings of produce a day.
    b.
    Get at least 8 hours of sleep a night.
    c.
    Get some exercise at least most days of the week.
    d.
    Stay away from people who are ill.

Answer 12

ANS: D

Question 13

13. The nurse is performing wellness checks at a community center for older adults. Which person would the nurse evaluate as having the highest risk of stroke?
    a.
    White, 55 years of age, BP 148/92 mm Hg
    b.
    African-American, 70 years of age, BP 150/100 mm Hg
    c.
    Asian-American, 40 years of age, BP 146/78 mm Hg
    d.
    White, 74 years of age, BP 150/82 mm Hg

Answer 13

ANS: B

Question 14

14. The nurse working with an adult population knows that many age-related declines in function begin occurring at what age?
    a. 20
    b. 30
    c. 50
    d. 70

Answer 14

ANS: B

Question 15

15. A young adult asks the nurse why she should participate in health screening and educational events. What response by the nurse is best?
    a.
    “Your choices now affect your future health.”
    b.
    “It’s free and full of good information.”
    c.
    “Wouldn’t you want to know if you had a problem?”
    d.
    “You can change bad habits now if you know about them.”

Answer 15

ANS: A

Question 16

16. A young adult tells the nurse he has quit smoking cigarettes and now “vapes” (uses electronic cigarettes [e-cigarettes]). What response by the nurse is best?
    a.
    “Excellent! That is so much better for you than tobacco.”
    b.
    “The health consequences of e-cigarettes are not known.”
    c.
    “Using e-cigarettes actually is much worse for your health.”
    d.
    “Tobacco or e-cigarettes…doesn’t matter. You need to quit.”

Answer 16

ANS: B

Question 17

17. A nurse notes an older adult puts excessive amounts of salt on her food. What intervention by the nurse is best?
    a.
    Teach the adult how salt intake relates to hypertension.
    b.
    Ask the older adult why she puts so much salt on food.
    c.
    Encourage the older adult to use less salt on her food.
    d.
    Explore other herbs and flavor enhancers with the adult.

Answer 17

ANS: D

Question 18

18. A nurse in the family practice clinic is assessing an older adult who has dementia. The adult daughter/caregiver expresses concern that the parent should no longer be left alone while the daughter is at work. What response by the nurse is best?
    a.
    Refer the family to a social worker.
    b.
    Encourage the daughter to look into nursing homes
    c.
    Tell the daughter there are medications for dementia.
    d.
    Help the daughter explore adult day care options.

Answer 18

ANS: D

Question 19

19.	An adult child brings his father to the emergency department and describes the sudden onset of a panic attack and aggressiveness. After ruling out an infectious process, what action by the nurse is best?
a.
Assess the patient for mental illness.
b.
Perform a mini-mental state exam on the patient.
c.
Ask about risk factors for delirium.
d.
Assess the patient for illicit drug use.

Answer 19

ANS: D

Question 20

1. The nurse knows that which attributes are characteristics of the young adult age group? (Select all that apply.)
   a.
   The number of high school graduates going to college is decreasing.
   b.
   More than 88% of people aged 25 to 34 have completed high school.
   c.
   More males aged 20 to 24 were married than females in the same age group.
   d.
   A significant percentage of those aged 25 to 34 has advanced degrees.
   e.
   Adult roles for the young adult are more diverse than for other age groups.

Answer 20

ANS: B, E

Question 21

2.	The nurse is planning an educational workshop on health risks for the young adult. What topics does the nurse plan to include as priorities? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Sexually transmitted diseases
b.
Falling
c.
Responsible alcohol use
d.
Intimate partner and sexual violence
e.
Distracted driving

Answer 21

ANS: A, C, D, E

Question 22

3.	The nurse working in a family practice clinic has very limited time to assess patients for health concerns. When working with middle-aged patients, which problems does the nurse assess for as the priorities? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Heart disease
b.
Cancer
c.
Sexually transmitted diseases
d.
Stroke
e.
Functional abilities

Answer 22

ANS: A, B, D

Question 23

4.	The nurse tells the student that which disorders are related to the presence of free radicals?  (Select all that apply.)
a.
Cancer
b.
Cataracts
c.
Glaucoma
d.
Arthritis
e.
Liver disease

Answer 23

ANS: A, B, D

Question 24

5.	The student of adult development learns that cognitive abilities improve during the young adult stage because of the influence of which experiences? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Physical growth of the brain
b.
Formal education
c.
Occupational training
d.
Overall life experiences
e.
Specific profession chosen

Answer 24

ANS: B, C, D