Chapter 18 GERD Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of GERD

A
  1. LES dysfunction
  2. delayed gastric emptying
  3. increased abdominal pressure
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2
Q

Treatments for GERD

A
  1. lifestyle changes
  2. pharmacotherapy with acid-suppressors
  3. antireflux surgery
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3
Q

Erosive esophagitis

A

mucous membrane lining the esophagus is inflamed with areas of erosion from severe GERD

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4
Q

Barrett esophagus

A

change of the normal squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus to a metaplastic, columnar-lined epithelium from gastric acid exposure
Increases risk for esophageal cancer

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5
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter

A

zone of the distal esophagus with an elevated basal resting pressure that prevents the reflux of gastric material from the stomach

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6
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

forced respiratory expiration against a closed glottis

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7
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

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8
Q

Esophageal stricture

A

Abnormal narrowing of the esophageal lumen.

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9
Q

Ambulatory esophageal reflux monitoring

A

A telemetry capsule containing a tiny camera is swallowed, or a transnasal catheter is inserted to determine how often reflux is occurring as well as the incidence of abnormal esophageal acid exposure

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10
Q

Esophageal manometry

A

Measurement of pressures and muscle contractions in the esophagus.

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11
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Upper abdominal symptoms including pain or discomfort, bloating, feeling of fullness despite little food intake, unusual fullness after meals, nausea, loss of appetite, heartburn, regurgitation of food or acid, and belching.

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12
Q

Regurgitation

A

effortless and nonprojectile passage of refluxed gastric contents into the pharynx or mouth

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13
Q

Dysphagia

A

painful or difficult swallowing

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14
Q

Odynophagia

A

Pain on swallowing food and fluids, often due to esophageal disease

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15
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

continued or repeated exposure to a drug that may lead to a diminished pharmacological response over time.

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