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Unit 1 Bio 251 > Chapter 18 Endocrinology > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Endocrinology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does the Endocrine System do?

A

Slowly But effectively Maintaining Homeostasis

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2
Q

Where are the hormones released?

A

The Blood Stream

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3
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Chemical messengers that are transported in the bloodstream and are two alter the activities of a specific cells in other tissues.

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4
Q

What do all Target cells have?

A

Specific Receptors.

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5
Q

T/F Target Cells can respond to only one Hormone at a time?

A

False, They can respond to several at a time.

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6
Q

What are Water soluble Hormones including epi and nor epi classified as?

A

Amino Acid Derivatives ( Tyrosin)

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7
Q

What is Peptide Hormones composed of?

A

Amino Acids

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8
Q

What type of Hormone is Insulin?

A

Peptide

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9
Q

Sex Hormones are what?

A

Steroids

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10
Q

Charitistics of Steroid Hormones (4)

A

1) Lipid soluble
2) Similar structure to Cholesterol
3) Binds with intercellular receptors
4) Gene Transcription occurs when binding to receptors s

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11
Q

What is a called when a hormone works with a second messenger?

A

Catecholamine

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12
Q

What is the second messenger that Epi and Nor-Epi work with?

A

Cyclic AMP

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13
Q

Hormones that change, Quantities, activities, and identities are called what?

A

Enzymes

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14
Q

What does the enzyme Kinase Preform?

A

Phosphorylation

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15
Q

What do G Proteins do?

A

Connect first and second messengers

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16
Q

What do Calcium ions serve as a second messenger for?

A

Calmodulin

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17
Q

Why does Cyclic AMp act as the second messenger?

A

B/c it activates protein Kinases

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18
Q

T/F, Do Catecholamines, Peptide Hormones, and eicosanoids Need a second messenger?

A

True

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19
Q

T/F, Thyroid hormones and steroids get stopped at the cell membrane?

A

False

20
Q

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone bind with a receptor what happens next?

A

The second messenger appears in the cytoplasm of the cell

21
Q

What happens when the enzyme adenyl cyclase is activated

A

cAMP is formed, which means If the adenyl cyclase activity of the liver cells were missing, Glucagon hormones could no longer stimulate the release of insulin

22
Q

When PDE (phosphodiesterase) is activated, what happens?

A

cAMP is broken down.

23
Q

RH (Realising Hormone) and IH (Inhibiting hormone) control the functions of what?

A

The Anterior Pituitary Gland

24
Q

Where do Rh and IH are released from where?

A

The Median Eminence of the Hypothalamus

25
Q

What organ system is the Hypothalamus involved in?

A

Neural and Endocrine

26
Q

What does the hypothalamus control the release of?

A

Adenhypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) by recreating RH and IH into the hypophysealportal system

27
Q

If the hypothalamus was damaged no TRH, CRH, GnRH would be released by the hypothalamus, What would happen?

A

NO TRH- The hypothalamus could not control the Thyroid hormone.
NO CRH- The hypothalamus could no longer control the Cortison
NO GnRH- the hypothalamus would no longer control gonadal Hormones ( sex hormones)

28
Q

Hormones that control the function of the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

A

ADH and Oxytocin of the Hypothalamus

29
Q

What would result if there was the destruction of the Supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus

A

A decrease of ADH

30
Q

What’s the Main Function of ADH

A

Decrease the loss of water loss at the Kidneys, This will cause a change of the blood osmotic pressure

31
Q

Where is the Pituitary gland?

A

Stella Tarcugia of the Sphenoid bone

32
Q

What is the posterior portion of the Pituitary Gland called?

A

Neurohypophysis

33
Q

Whats the anterior portion of the Pituitary gland called?

A

Adenohypophysis

34
Q

What hormones are released from the pituitary gland? (7)

A

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH,MSH, GH, AND PRL

35
Q

Whats the hormone that is released by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood?

A

MSH

36
Q

What hormone may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after the closure of the epiphyseal plate?

A

GH, From the anterior pituary gland

37
Q

What will happen if there is an excess secretion of GH PRIOR to puberty?

A

Gigantism

38
Q

What will occur if there is an excess secretion of GH AFTER puberty?

A

Acromegaly

39
Q

What is the hormone Prolactin for?

A

Milk Production

40
Q

Whats the hormone Oxytocin for?

A

Milk Ejection, and promoting Contrations

41
Q

How does GH Promote bone and muscle growth?

A

Increasing the Amino acid uptake.

42
Q

Growth Hormone can also cause what? (diabetic effect)

A

Hyperglycemia

43
Q

Liver cells respond to GH by releasing what?

A

Somatomedins or IGF (insulin-like growth hormones)

44
Q

Hormones that stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones are called what?

A

Tropic hormones

45
Q

The anterior pituitary hormones that trigger the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid

A

TSH

Unit 1 Bio 251 (3 decks)

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