Chapter 18 Endocrinology

Question 1

What does the Endocrine System do?

Answer 1

Slowly But effectively Maintaining Homeostasis

Question 2

Where are the hormones released?

Answer 2

The Blood Stream

Question 3

What are Hormones?

Answer 3

Chemical messengers that are transported in the bloodstream and are two alter the activities of a specific cells in other tissues.

Question 4

What do all Target cells have?

Answer 4

Specific Receptors.

Question 5

T/F Target Cells can respond to only one Hormone at a time?

Answer 5

False, They can respond to several at a time.

Question 6

What are Water soluble Hormones including epi and nor epi classified as?

Answer 6

Amino Acid Derivatives ( Tyrosin)

Question 7

What is Peptide Hormones composed of?

Answer 7

Amino Acids

Question 8

What type of Hormone is Insulin?

Answer 8

Peptide

Question 9

Sex Hormones are what?

Answer 9

Steroids

Question 10

Charitistics of Steroid Hormones (4)

Answer 10

1) Lipid soluble
2) Similar structure to Cholesterol
3) Binds with intercellular receptors
4) Gene Transcription occurs when binding to receptors s

Question 11

What is a called when a hormone works with a second messenger?

Answer 11

Catecholamine

Question 12

What is the second messenger that Epi and Nor-Epi work with?

Answer 12

Cyclic AMP

Question 13

Hormones that change, Quantities, activities, and identities are called what?

Answer 13

Enzymes

Question 14

What does the enzyme Kinase Preform?

Answer 14

Phosphorylation

Question 15

What do G Proteins do?

Answer 15

Connect first and second messengers

Question 16

What do Calcium ions serve as a second messenger for?

Answer 16

Calmodulin

Question 17

Why does Cyclic AMp act as the second messenger?

Answer 17

B/c it activates protein Kinases

Question 18

T/F, Do Catecholamines, Peptide Hormones, and eicosanoids Need a second messenger?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F, Thyroid hormones and steroids get stopped at the cell membrane?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

When a catecholamine or peptide hormone bind with a receptor what happens next?

Answer 20

The second messenger appears in the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 21

What happens when the enzyme adenyl cyclase is activated

Answer 21

cAMP is formed, which means If the adenyl cyclase activity of the liver cells were missing, Glucagon hormones could no longer stimulate the release of insulin

Question 22

When PDE (phosphodiesterase) is activated, what happens?

Answer 22

cAMP is broken down.

Question 23

RH (Realising Hormone) and IH (Inhibiting hormone) control the functions of what?

Answer 23

The Anterior Pituitary Gland

Question 24

Where do Rh and IH are released from where?

Answer 24

The Median Eminence of the Hypothalamus

Question 25

What organ system is the Hypothalamus involved in?

Answer 25

Neural and Endocrine

Question 26

What does the hypothalamus control the release of?

Answer 26

Adenhypophysis (anterior pituitary gland) by recreating RH and IH into the hypophysealportal system

Question 27

If the hypothalamus was damaged no TRH, CRH, GnRH would be released by the hypothalamus, What would happen?

Answer 27

NO TRH- The hypothalamus could not control the Thyroid hormone. NO CRH- The hypothalamus could no longer control the Cortison NO GnRH- the hypothalamus would no longer control gonadal Hormones ( sex hormones)

Question 28

Hormones that control the function of the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

Answer 28

ADH and Oxytocin of the Hypothalamus

Question 29

What would result if there was the destruction of the Supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Answer 29

A decrease of ADH

Question 30

What's the Main Function of ADH

Answer 30

Decrease the loss of water loss at the Kidneys, This will cause a change of the blood osmotic pressure

Question 31

Where is the Pituitary gland?

Answer 31

Stella Tarcugia of the Sphenoid bone

Question 32

What is the posterior portion of the Pituitary Gland called?

Answer 32

Neurohypophysis

Question 33

Whats the anterior portion of the Pituitary gland called?

Answer 33

Adenohypophysis

Question 34

What hormones are released from the pituitary gland? (7)

Answer 34

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH,MSH, GH, AND PRL

Question 35

Whats the hormone that is released by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood?

Answer 35

MSH

Question 36

What hormone may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after the closure of the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 36

GH, From the anterior pituary gland

Question 37

What will happen if there is an excess secretion of GH PRIOR to puberty?

Answer 37

Gigantism

Question 38

What will occur if there is an excess secretion of GH AFTER puberty?

Answer 38

Acromegaly

Question 39

What is the hormone Prolactin for?

Answer 39

Milk Production

Question 40

Whats the hormone Oxytocin for?

Answer 40

Milk Ejection, and promoting Contrations

Question 41

How does GH Promote bone and muscle growth?

Answer 41

Increasing the Amino acid uptake.

Question 42

Growth Hormone can also cause what? (diabetic effect)

Answer 42

Hyperglycemia

Question 43

Liver cells respond to GH by releasing what?

Answer 43

Somatomedins or IGF (insulin-like growth hormones)

Question 44

Hormones that stimulate endocrine glands to release other hormones are called what?

Answer 44

Tropic hormones

Question 45

The anterior pituitary hormones that trigger the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid

Answer 45

TSH