Chapter 18 - Community Dynamics Flashcards
Primary succession
From bare rock or some sort of sterile parent material to a complex community
Secondary Succession
After a disturbance, the soil is intack and a community comes back
Abiotic factors that influence speed of succession
- Topography
- Soil
Biotic factors that influence speed of succession
- pioneer plants
- Animal migration
What organisms are only ecountered during early stages of succession
- Grasses and shrubs
- Rodents and small birds
Contributions of Henry Cowles in the study of succession
Sees succession as great cycles tied to geomorphic process - plant communities are dynamic, ever-changing
Contributions of Frederic Clements in the study of succession
Said succession is a linear process to a predictable climax community “monoclimax hypothesis”
Facilitation Model of Succession
later stage species depend upon early stage speices to prepare a favorable enviorment
Tolerance Model of Succession
The speices that are the most efficent in exploiting the resource will succeed in an enviorment aiding in the introduction of other speices.
Inhibition Model of Succession
Early occupants hold the site against all invaders (the role of allelopathy)
- An example of this is when plants secrete toxins in the soil, thus inhibiting the establishment and growth of other species.
Longer ecological communities that are adapted to fire
Why can annual plants be seen as Gods Band-Aids
They are the first thing to grow in after disturbance and prevents soil from eroding
Lentic
slow moving water systems (the bogs in northeastern Indiana)
Lotic
rapid moving water systems (Sycamore Creek example)
what are some ecological communities adapted to fire
prairie, savanna, chaparral and coniferous forests
