Chapter 18: Air Pollution and Ozone Depletion

Question 1

Air Pollution

Answer 1

is the presence of chemicals in the atmosphere in concentrations high enough to harm organisms, ecosystems, or human-made materials, or to alter climate.

Question 2

Primary Pollutants

Answer 2

chemicals emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities at concentrations high enough to cause harm

Question 3

Secondary Pollutants

Answer 3

primary pollutants react with one another and with other natural components of air to form new harmful chemicals

Question 4

Mobile Sources

Answer 4

Sources of pollution that move. Motor Vehicles

Question 5

Stationary Sources

Answer 5

Sources of pollution that don’t move. Industrial facilities

Question 6

Atmospheric Brown Clouds

Answer 6

-Clouds of pollution
-Small particles of dust, smoke and ash

Question 7

Carbon Monoxide

Answer 7

(CO) is a colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas that forms during the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials. Motor vehicle exhaust

Question 8

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 8

(CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas. About 93% of the CO2 in the atmosphere is the result of the natural carbon cycle. Burning Fossil fuels

Question 9

Sulfur Dioxide

Answer 9

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless gas with an irritating odor. comes from natural sources such as volcanoes and human sources. Can be converted to aerosols

Question 10

Nitrogen Dioxide

Answer 10

Reddish brown gas with pungent odor

Question 11

Lead

Answer 11

Dangerous chemical contributing to outdoor and indoor air pollution via paints and leaded gasoline.

Question 12

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Answer 12

consists of a variety of solid particles and liquid droplets that are small and light enough to remain suspended in the air for long periods.

Question 13

Ozone

Answer 13

a colorless and highly reactive gas.

Question 14

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Answer 14

Organic compounds that exist as gases in the atmosphere or that evaporate from sources on the earth’s surface into the atmosphere

Question 15

Air Quality Index (AQI)

Answer 15

air quality indicator called the Air Quality Index (AQI) for informing citizens about unsafe levels of pollution in any given area of the country.

Question 16

Industrial Smog

Answer 16

Type of air pollution consisting mostly of a mixture of sulfur dioxide, suspended droplets of sulfuric acid formed from some of the sulfur dioxide and suspended solid particles.

Question 17

Photochemical Smog

Answer 17

Complex mixture of air pollutants produced in the lower atmosphere by the reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides under the influence of sunlight. Especially harmful components include ozone, peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs), and various aldehydes.

Question 18

Temperature Inversion

Answer 18

Layer of dense, cool air trapped under a layer of less dense, warm air. It prevents upward-flowing air currents from developing. In a prolonged inversion, air pollution in the trapped layer may build up to harmful levels.

Question 19

Acid Deposition

Answer 19

The falling of acids and acid-forming compounds from the atmosphere to the earth’s surface. Acid deposition is commonly known as acid rain, a term that refers to the wet deposition of droplets of acids and acid-forming compounds.

Question 20

Sick Building Syndrome

Answer 20

health effects from air pollutants in buildings. Dizziness, headaches, sneezing

Question 21

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Answer 21

pollutants that can cause serious health and ecological effects. Most of these chemicals are chlorinated hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, or compounds of toxic metals.

Question 22

Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)

Answer 22

requires more than 20,000 refineries, power plants, mines, chemical manufacturers, and factories to report their releases and waste management methods for 667 toxic chemicals