chapter 18

Question 1

what is the nature of pain

Answer 1

pain can occur when there is actual or potential tissue damage.

Question 2

define chronic pain and give an example

Answer 2

1- lasting longer than 6 months.

Example: rheumatoid arthritis

Question 3

what are the non verbal signs

Answer 3

restlessness
frowning
grimacing, moaning
clenched teeth and fists 
crying

Question 4

what are the objective signs of pain

Answer 4

increased in pulse, BP. and respiration

• diaphoresis
• dilated pupils
• dry mouth
• N/V

Question 5

what type of pain scale is used on children

Answer 5

Wong Baker FACES pain scale.

Question 6

explain stage 4 sleep

Answer 6

deepest stage of sleep
sleep walking (narcolepsy) and enuresis

Question 7

what are the interventions to reduce constipation

Answer 7

stool softeners, increase fiber, fluids and increase activity.

Question 8

how can a nurse be nonjudgmental, when patients complain of pain

Answer 8

believe what the patient says

Question 9

what are the non-pharmacological way of relieving pain

Answer 9

1. offer bedtime snack and warm milk 30 minutes bedtime
2. cutaneous stimulation (stimulation of nerves via skin contact) such as heat, cold, massage and TENS
3. distraction - examples: ambulation, deep breathing, television, visitors, game, prayer etc.
4. relaxation, - meditation, yoga.
5. guided imagery- pleasant throught.
6. acupuncture, acupressure.
7. elevation of edematous extremities.

Question 10

what are the comfort measures used for a patient with pain

Answer 10

1. give pain medications 30-40 minutes before doing activities that cause pain ambulating, coughing, dressing change.
2. position patient in anatomic alignment.
3. lift patients using lift sheet when moving them up in bed
4. position patient correctly in bed pan.
5. make sure linens are wrinkle free.
6. loosen constrictive dressings.

Question 11

how do you assess pain on a patient who is alert and oriented

Answer 11

use a pain scale

Question 12

what is a nursing intervention to perform when a patient is receiving morphine

Answer 12

check for respiratory depression. hold when respirations are below. 10.

Question 13

checking a clients pain level after receiving pain medicine is part of which phase of the nursing process?

Answer 13

evaluation

Question 14

how would you evaluate pain in a patient who has received pain medicine

Answer 14

check the clients response to pain and the pain level

Question 15

a patient comes to the ER with C/O abdominal pain and asks for pain medicine – what would be appropriate nursing diagnosis

Answer 15

acute pain

Question 16

a patient is complaining of pain in the joints which has been there for 3 months – what is an appropriate nursing diagnosis

Answer 16

chronic pain

Question 17

an example of subjective data regarding pain

Answer 17

patients description of pain

Question 18

what is PCA

Answer 18

PATIENT controlled analgesia. 
- given by IV and epidural 
patient self administers the medication 
- patient has control over the frequency of analgesia
-a timer prevents from overdosing
-check for respiratory depression

Question 19

acetaminophen is used for what type of pain

Answer 19

mild to moderete pain

Question 20

opioid analgesics like fentanyl, diazepam, meperidine, morphone, hydromorphone, oxycodone are used for what kind of pain

Answer 20

severe pain

Question 21

non-opioid analgesics such as acetaminophen, NSAIDS, and salicylate are used for what kind of pain

Answer 21

mild to moderete

Question 22

concurrent use of opioids and NSAIDs provides more effective analgesia than use of an agent from either drug class alone

Answer 22

TRUE