Chapter 18 Flashcards
What is Reconstruction?
the task of rebuilding the Southern states and readmitting them to the union
Lincoln’s “10 Percent” Plan
Lincoln’s blueprint for Reconstruction included the Ten-Percent Plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. This would pardon most former Confederates, but this plan was never implemented because Lincoln was assassinated
Wade-Davis Bill
Wade-Davis Bill stated to rejoin Union, state must meet three requirements:
Majority of state’s white male adults have to pledge loyalty to Union, Only white males who did not fight against Union could vote for delegates, New state constitutions had to abolish slavery and disown secession
Freedman’s Bureau
an agency of the United States Department of War to give provisions, medical care, clothing, food, and temporary shelter for suffering refugees, poor Southerners especially freedmen and their family. it also Set up schools, staffed by Northern teachers and Helped people get their own land and find work for fair wages
13th Ammendment
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
14th Ammendment
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside…
(gave African American’s citizenship and guaranteed it could not be taken away) and also stated Every person entitled to “equal protection of the laws.”
15th Ammendment
prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen’s “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”.
Black Codes
laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states.
Laws were Designed to help control newly freed African Americans and preserve slavery, like slave codes.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
was passed by Congress over the veto of President Andrew Johnson.
it gave Federal government the right to get involved in state affairs to protect African Americans and Granted citizenship to African Americans.
countered by: Supreme Court case of Dred Scott v. Sandford
Scalawags
a name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who supported Republican Reconstruction of the South.
Carpetbaggers
a carpetbagger was a Northerner who moved to the South after the American Civil War during the Reconstruction era.
KKK
Ku Klux Klan is a southern U.S. terrorist group, that focuses on white supremacy and terrorizes other groups of races.
Sharecropping
a tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.
Poll Tax
A tax required as a qualification for voting.
Literacy Test
test that determines the qualification of a voter based on ability to read and write and sometimes the ability understand the Constitution. Initially, the test was
a way southerners found out how to get around the 15th amendment
Grandfather Clause
laws that allowed people to vote if their fathers and grandfathers had before reconstruction
Jim Crow Laws
- required whites and African Americans to be separated in every public place.
- Upheld “Separate but equal.”
Plessy v. Ferguson
An African American sat in a white train car.
the supreme court ruled that segregation did not violate the 14th amendment, as long as resources were equal
Radical Republicans
a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party of the United StatesWanted blacks and whites to have the same rights; supported reconstruction.\
John Wilkes Booth
man who murdered President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the American Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth
Andrew Johnson
the 17th President of the United States. Johnson was originally vice president at the time but after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, he became president. He had his own plan for reconstruction.
Rutherford B. Hayes
19th President of the United States; his administration removed federal troops from the South and so ended the Reconstruction Period
Thaddeus Stevens
was a member of the United States House of Representatives and one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction. he wanted and believed in:
- tougher policies for former Confederate states
- equal rights for African Americans
What was the Goal of Radical Republicans for reconstruction?
The Radical Republicans believed blacks were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as whites. They also believed that the Confederate leaders should be punished for their roles in the Civil War.
What steps were taken to ensure equality of African Americans?
The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 freed African Americans in rebel states, and after the Civil War.
the addition of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution
the Civil Rights Act of 1866
What is the importance of the Dred Scott v Sanford case?How is this similar to black codes?
the court made a disicion that stated: slaves were not citizens of the United States and could not sue in Federal courts.
A major purpose of these laws was to preserve slavery. They were particularly concerned with controlling movement and labor, as slavery had given way to a free labor system.
-preserved slavery
How are the passing ammendments and violence in the South related?
As each new ammendment passed citizens tried to continue their lives the way they used to be by creating terrorist groups to discriminate the African Americans
What were the Reconstruction Acts?
laid out the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union. The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) provided former slaves with national citizenship, and the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) granted black men the right to vote. Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts which were supported by the Radical Republicans.
What did Reconstruction mean to the South?
It was a time of great pain and endless questions. On what terms would the Confederacy be allowed back into the Union? Who would establish the terms, Congress or the President? Throughout Reconstruction, Southern whites felt threatened by legislation to provide rights for former slaves. The Civil Rights Bill of 1875 was the last rights bill passed by Congress during Reconstruction. It protected all Americans’ access to public accommodations, like trains.
How did Southerners resist reconstruction?
By passing special laws like Black Codes, and limiting their rights by creating Poll taxes, Literacy tests, etc. Also some terrorist groups would harm supporters of reconstruction and African Americans.
How are voting restrictions and Jim Crow Laws connected?
They both limited African American’s rights and opportunities, creating the lasting effect of segregation.
What signaled the end of reconstruction?
when Hayes withdrew federal troops from the South and ended the Republican rule
