Chapter 18 Flashcards
Boxer Rebellion
Members of the Emperor of China’s family (Qing) secretly encouraged the uprising at the turn of the century with the purpose of expelling the foreigners. The foreigners won and the emperor lost control of China.
Muhammad Ali
After the invasion of Napoleon failed, Ali rose to power because of his ability to build a powerful army using western knowledge and hiring French and Italian military officers to train his troops. Leader of Egypt subservient to the Ottoman sultan, modernized and westernized the country into debt during the early 1800’s.
Canton System
All British goods had to come into only one Chinese port
Anarchist
People opposed to any formal government, and they sought to attack the existing order through assassinations and bombings.
Cult of the emperor
Japanese oligarchs established this campaign to glorify the emperor as a symbol of Japanese power. But the emperor remained a ruler in name only.
Matthew Perry’s “black ships”
In 1853 the arrival of Matthew Perry’s black ship in Edo Bay near Tokyo created a crisis that forces japan to directly tackle its problem. Perry was an American commodore who delivered a letter from the president of the Unites states demanding the Chinese open their ports for foreign trade and threaten the Japan gov.
Intelligentsia
A group of radical intelligentsia emerged- people encouraged to voice political opinions through the expansion of universities and access to the printed word.
Oligarchs
New rulers(several), that went far to establish what was named “the cult of the emperor” or a wide campaign to glorify the emperor as a symbol of Japanese power.
Trams Siberian Railroad
The building of this connected the bulk of the population in the east to the pacific coast by the end of the 19th century
Zemstvoes
By Alexander the 2nd , the creation of local political councils called zemstvoes, to replace the nobility traditional authority over the serfs.
The young Turks
The best known protest organization was the Ottoman Society for Union and progress nicknamed , “the young Turks” which Formed in paris among a group of Turks that were exiled for their resistance to the sultans rule
crimean war
fought in 1853, revealed to all major powers how weak the Ottoman Empire had grown. russian armies attacked southward threatening ottoman lands.
tanzimat
an intensified period of reform that followed Mahmud, meaning “reorganization” and lasted till 1876.
the treaty of nanking
after the oprimium war, the chinese and british signed the treaty which dismantled the old canton system, and increased the number of ports open to foreigners from one (canton) to to five (canton, xiamen, Fuzhou, ningbo, & shanghi) and the island of hong kong became a long term british colony
spheres of influence
each port being controlled by a designated foreign nation
taiping rebellion
led by Hong Xiuquan, a christian from guangxi province in the south, an area with stubborn social problems that had experianced disorders
Hong Xiuquan
a christian from Guangxi province in the south
Seld strengthening movement
its main goal was to counter the challenges from the west by modernizing China from within.
Catherine the Great
ruled Russia from 1762-1796. she had a vision of a more powerful Russia supported by western technology and warm water ports.
holy alliance
a defense to establish the order ehich included both monarchs and religion officials.
decembrist revolt
a major uprising in 1825 led by western organized army officers who sought political form.
Diet
The lower house of the Japanese House of Peers, which had power to pass laws, approve budgets, and otherwise advise government ‘ but not control it.
duma
an elected parliament which came into being after the revolution of 1905 in russia
russias, “official nationality”
loyalty to the orthodox church and protection provided by a strong, humane, and enlightened autocracy.
Vanguard of the revolution
all classes of the population must have politcal knowledge and support of the revoltion.
opium wars
1839-42. Britain was forcing Opium into China in order to balance their trade deficit with China but China officials didn’t want the product in their country because of health concerns. Britain declared war and with their military superiority took control of the trade over the Qing govt
McCartney Mission
A delegation headed by George Mccartney sent by the British govt. to open more trade between China and Britain. Britian had a massive trade deficit with China. Mission failed due enthocentrism on both sides. Mccartney wouldn’t kowtow before the emperor and Qing officials wouldn’t bow to a portrait of the King of England.
Meiji Restoration
The result of civil war in Japan in 1868 with the overthrow of the Togugawa Shogunate. This was the name of the new regime stating this regime was restoring the power of the emperor
florence nightingale
Mid-1850’s, Englishwomen trained in France and Prussia applied the techniques learned to the battlefield in the Crimea War. She improved the sanitation of the hospitals greatly reducing death rates. In london est. institutes for nursing that were widely imitated in other countries.
most favored states
When a country gives trading advantages over all other nations. China was forced to do this with Britain in the Treaty of Nanking after the the Opium War of 1839-42.
