Chapter 18

Question 1

American Foreign Policy

Answer 1

• depend on military, economic, and diplomatic factors

Question 2

International Organization

Answer 2

• The United Nations; 15 member security council is the most powerful organization within the UN.

Question 3

Regional Organization

Answer 3

• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, a military alliance
• The European Union a transnational government of European nations

Question 4

Other Actors on the World Stage

Answer 4

• includes multinational corporations, NGO’s, terrorists, and individuals
• Nongovernmental organizations (NGO’s) - churches, labor unions, environmental, and wildlife groups

Question 5

The Big Policymaker

Answer 5

• The President, as America’s chief diplomat and commander in chief, is the main force behind American foreign policy
• President’s make foreign policy through treaties or executive agreements

Question 6

The Policymakers Cont.

Answer 6

• The State Department is the foreign policy arm of the U.S. government
• Foreign policy and military policy are closely linked. Which is why the Department of Defense is also a part of foreign policy decision making

Question 7

Congress

Answer 7

• Has authority over foreign and military policy.
• Can declare war, raise and organize the armed forces, and appropriate fund for national security

Question 8

Trade and Economic Policies

Answer 8

• Sustain economic growth in the United States and abroad
• Create foreign markets for american produced goods
• Tariffs (taxes) and trade agreements
• economic sanctions to threaten other countries

Question 9

The Beginnings

Answer 9

• Isolationism - staying out of foreign entanglements
• Monroe Doctrine - asserting american interest and primacy over the western hemisphere, moved away from isolationism
• isolationism ended WWII

Question 10

Foreign Policy in the Cold War

Answer 10

• Policy of Containment emerged to isolate the soviet union, preventing the spread of communism and soviet influence
• containment would be the prevailing foreign policy until 1970s
• can contain through diplomacy and force

Question 11

Rival Alliances

Answer 11

• NATO - Alliance formed by US, Canada, and western European nations for collective defense against Communist advances
• Warsaw Pact - Soviet Union Alliance

Question 12

Cold War in East Asia

Answer 12

• Victory of Chinese Civil War = US increasing aggresion towards spread of communism
• US involves itself in Korean war resulting in cease fire after military stalemate
• Considered a victory in halting communism due to preserving South Korea’s independence

Question 13

Foreign Policy in Cold War Cont.

Answer 13

• US supports anti-communist countries in Asia after Korean war
• Vietnam divides into communist north and non-communist south
• Vietnam war - 500,000+ American troops with Nixon ending involvement

Question 14

The Era of Detente

Answer 14

• Détente - Cold War policy by President Nixon meaning the ease of tension between USA and Soviet Union
• also sought détente with
  China

Question 15

Foreign Aid

Answer 15

• Money, products, or services given to other countries
• goals
• Meeting fundamental human needs
• Stimulate economic growth in other countries
• Facilitates international agreements