chapter 18 Flashcards
What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms into groups based on shared characteristics.
Name the three domains of life.
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
True or False: The kingdom Animalia includes both multicellular and unicellular organisms.
False.
Fill in the blank: The classification rank above ‘species’ is called _____ .
genus.
What is a cladogram?
A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
Which kingdom is primarily composed of prokaryotic organisms?
Bacteria.
What is the primary characteristic of fungi?
Fungi are heterotrophic organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a kingdom in the domain Eukarya? A) Animalia B) Plantae C) Archaea D) Fungi
C) Archaea.
What is the defining feature of the kingdom Plantae?
Plants are autotrophic and perform photosynthesis.
True or False: Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular.
True.
Fill in the blank: The taxonomic rank below ‘kingdom’ is _____ .
phylum.
What does the term ‘phylogeny’ refer to?
Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary history and relationships among species.
Which kingdom includes organisms that are primarily decomposers?
Fungi.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following kingdoms contains multicellular organisms that can move? A) Archaea B) Fungi C) Animalia D) Plantae
C) Animalia.
What is the primary method of classification used in modern taxonomy?
The Linnaean system of classification.
True or False: All members of the kingdom Animalia are autotrophic.
False.
Fill in the blank: In a cladogram, each branch point represents a _____ .
common ancestor.
What is the scientific name for humans?
Homo sapiens.
Which kingdom is known for having organisms that can live in extreme environments?
Archaea.
Multiple Choice: What is the main characteristic of the kingdom Monera? A) Multicellular B) Prokaryotic C) Eukaryotic D) Autotrophic
B) Prokaryotic.
What is the role of a taxonomist?
A taxonomist classifies and names organisms based on their characteristics.
True or False: Viruses are classified within the three domains of life.
False.
Fill in the blank: The highest taxonomic rank is _____ .
domain.
What is the main difference between Archaea and Bacteria?
Archaea have distinct biochemistry and genetics compared to Bacteria.
What type of organisms are included in the kingdom Protista?
Primarily unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi? A) Photosynthesis B) Cellulose in cell walls C) Chitin in cell walls D) Multicellular only
C) Chitin in cell walls.
What is the function of cladistics in taxonomy?
Cladistics is used to classify organisms based on shared derived characteristics.
True or False: The kingdom Plantae can reproduce both sexually and asexually.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process by which organisms are named is called _____ .
nomenclature.
What is the primary mode of nutrition for members of the kingdom Animalia?
Heterotrophy.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria? A) Eukaryotic cells B) Cell wall made of peptidoglycan C) Multicellular D) Photosynthetic only
B) Cell wall made of peptidoglycan.
What is the significance of the Linnaean hierarchy?
It provides a standardized system for naming and classifying organisms.
True or False: All protists are harmful to humans.
False.
Fill in the blank: The taxonomic rank below ‘family’ is _____ .
genus.
What do you call the study of classification and naming of organisms?
Taxonomy.
Which kingdom includes organisms that are primarily autotrophic and have chloroplasts?
Plantae.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following describes the kingdom Animalia? A) Unicellular B) Prokaryotic C) Multicellular D) Autotrophic
C) Multicellular.
What is the evolutionary significance of a clade?
A clade consists of an ancestor and all its descendants.
True or False: Cladograms can be used to predict the traits of future organisms.
True.
Fill in the blank: The taxonomic rank above ‘genus’ is _____ .
family.
what is an autotroph
an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals
Heterotroph
an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.
rules of naming species
The species is always written second. The genus and species must be italicized
what is the most generic classification
domain
where would the most recent species be in a cladograph
at the top of the cladograph
