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Head and Neck Anatomy > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

Development of the Orofacial Complex

1
Q

How long is the period of ovum

A

2 weeks of gestation

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2
Q

How long is the period of embryo

A

3-8 weeks of gestation

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3
Q

How long is the period of fetus

A

9-36 weeks

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4
Q

What are the 3 germ layers of the body

A

Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm

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5
Q

Describe the Endoderm layer

A

respiratory epithelium, digestive system, liver, pancreas

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6
Q

Describe the Mesoderm layer

A

muscle, blood vessel, lymphatics, connective tissue, bone and cartilage

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7
Q

Describe the Ectoderm layer

A

oral cavity, teeth, nails, skin, eye tissue, nervous system

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8
Q

Early stages of the face begin developing at………

A

3 weeks

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9
Q

From head to tail the embryo measures…..

A

3-4 mm

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10
Q

From a lateral view what 3 features are present?

A

umbilical cord, heart bulge, pharyngeal arch

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11
Q

The lower end of the tube is the development of the…..

A

digestive tract

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12
Q

What does the foregut form?

A

The digestive tract from the throat region of the duodenum

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13
Q

What does the midgut form?

A

the rest of the small intestine, cecum, ascending colon, most of transverse colon

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14
Q

What does the hindgut form?

A

the descending colon, sigmoid colon to the rectum of the large intestine

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15
Q

What does the stomodeum form?

A

The oral cavity and the oral pharynx

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16
Q

What separates the stomodeum from the primitive pharynx?

A

the buccopharyngeal membrane

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17
Q

Where the foregut and stomodeum share a wall

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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18
Q

What happens at the 4 1/2 week mark with the buccopharyngeal membrane?

A

It connects the oral cavity to the digestive tract

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19
Q

There are __ pharyngeal arches. They are __ shaped

A

6, U

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20
Q

Pharyngeal arches surround the _____
Form between the ____ and the _____

A

foregut of the embryo,
brain and the heart

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21
Q

What cells form the pharyngeal arches

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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22
Q

What is the 1st pharyngeal arch called?

A

mandibular arch

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23
Q

The 1st pharyngeal arch gives rise to the _____ and ______

A

mandible and the maxillary process

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24
Q

In the 1st arch, what does the mandibular process form?

A

mandible, lower lip, anterior of tongue

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25
Q

In the 1st arch, what does the maxillary process form?

A

The maxilla (upper jaw), zygomatic bone (cheek), palatine bone, upper lip

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26
Q

What cartilage is the 1st arch associated with?

A

Meckel cartilage & muscle of mastication

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27
Q

In the 1st arch, what does the cleft/groove give rise to?

A

the external auditory meatus

28
Q

In the 1st arch, what does the pouch give rise to?

A

auditory tube, tympanic cavity, middle ear

29
Q

What nerve is associated with the 1st arch

A

trigeminal nerve

30
Q

What is another name for the 2nd arch?

A

hyoid arch

31
Q

What does the 2nd arch form?

A

hyoid bone, styloid process of the temporal bone, assists in forming front and side of the neck.

32
Q

What cartilage is the 2nd arch associated with?

A

Reichart’s Cartilage

33
Q

Does the 2nd arch cleft give rise to anything?

A

NO

34
Q

In the 2nd arch, what does the pouch give rise to?

A

palatine tonsils

35
Q

What nerve is the 2nd arch associated with?

A

Facial nerve and muscle of facial expression

36
Q

What does the 3rd arch form

A

hyoid bone and styloid process of temporal bone

37
Q

in the 3rd arch, what does the pouch give rise to?

A

Endocrine gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, stylopharyngeus muscle

38
Q

What nerve is associated with the 3rd arch

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

39
Q

Does the 3rd arch have a cartilage derivative and a cleft groove?

A

NO

40
Q

What cartilage is the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch associated with?

A

epiglottic, arytenoid, thyroid, and cricoid cartilage

41
Q

In the 4th/6th pouch, what does the pouch give rise to?

A

internal parathyroid gland

42
Q

What nerve is associated with the 4th/6th arch?

A

vagus nerve

43
Q

Muscles of the 4th/6th arch

A

Larynx, Levator palatine, and constrictors of the pharynx

44
Q

What arch forms the anterior of the tongue?

A

1st

45
Q

What arch forms the posterior body of the tongue

A

2nd and 3rd

46
Q

What structures make up the tongue?

A

tuberculum impar, two lateral lingual swellings and copula

47
Q

How does the tongue separate from the floor of the mouth?

A

down growth of ectoderm around its periphery

48
Q

What is the function of the lingual sulcus?

A

Gives tongue mobility

49
Q

Depression located in the middle of the tongue

A

foramen cecum

50
Q

Lingual thyroid

A

forms into a big red lump if the thyroid gland does not grow downward

51
Q

What does the foramen cecum give rise to?

A

thyroid gland

52
Q

Rathke’s pouch

A

upward growth of tissue that breaks loose from the oral cavity. Comes into contact with downward growth of the brain.

53
Q

Where is the rathke’s pouch located?

A

palate region

54
Q

The rathke pouch also forms what?

A

the anterior part of the pituitary gland (pars intermedia)

55
Q

What is the pituary gland

A

forms the hormones

56
Q

When does the face usually development

A

4-8 weeks

57
Q

What part of the face is the first to form

A

mandible

58
Q

what does frontonasal prominence form? What bone does it use?

A

forms the bridge of the nose and the forehead. Uses frontal and nasal bone

59
Q

What does the maxillary prominence form? What bones does it use

A

forms the upper cheek regions and the upper lip. maxilla, zygomatic bone, secondary palate.

60
Q

What does the mandibular prominence form and fuse?

A

mandible (lip, cheek, and chin)

61
Q

What does the lateral nasal prominence form

A

alae of the nose

62
Q

What does the medial nasal prominence fuse and form?

A

intermaxillary segment

63
Q

When does palatal development begin and end

A

begins at the end of the 6th week and completes by the 12th week

64
Q

The palate develops from 2 primordia

A

primary and secondary palate

65
Q

When does the cleft lip develop

A

3rd-6th week (period of embryo)

66
Q

Definition of cleft lip

A

lack of connective tissue migration between maxillary process and fuses the medial nasal process.

Head and Neck Anatomy (1 decks)

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