Chapter 18

Question 1

Endocrine system

Answer 1

Coordinated the function of body systems, along with the nervous system

Question 2

Exocrine gland

Answer 2

Discharge secretions, viaduct, on to the epithelial surfaces, usually for digestion and lubrication

Question 3

Endocrine gland

Answer 3

Discharge secretions, (hormones) into interstitial fluid, for regulation of metabolism
(The hormones then diffuse into the blood)

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

Chemical messenger, produced in small amounts, transported in the blood, then interact with specific cells, to stimulate physiologic changes

Question 5

Target Cell

Answer 5

Cell that contains specific receptor sites for a specific hormone
(Each hormone has a specific shape that matches the contour of the receptor site)

Question 6

Paracrine hormone

Answer 6

A type of local hormone that is secreted by cell(s) then diffuse to nearby cells/tissues to stimulate physiological changes

Question 7

True

Answer 7

Endocrine hormones (in contrast to local hormones) travel away from the site of release to stimulate other tissue

Question 8

Autocrine hormone

Answer 8

A type of local horned that is secreted by cells, then interact with receptor on the cell that releases the hormone, to timulate physiological changes

Question 9

Up regulation

Answer 9

When a cell increases the number of hormone receptors becoming more sensitive to stimulation

Question 10

Down regulation

Answer 10

When a cell reduces the number of receptors, becoming less sensitive to stimulation

Question 11

Synergistic effect

Answer 11

When two or more hormones ( or any chemical) act together to produce a greater effect than an individual hormone

Question 12

Permissive effect

Answer 12

One hormone enhances the target cells response to a second hormone that is secreted later

Question 13

Antagonistic effect

Answer 13

When one hormone opposes the action of another hormone

Question 14

Example of lipid soluble hormones

Answer 14

Steroid, thyroid hormones and nitric oxide

Question 15

How are hydrophobic hormones transported?

Answer 15

They are transported by various proteins in the blood
Example: albumins, globulins

Question 16

How are lipid soluble hormones cause a physiologic change?

Answer 16

These hormones diffuse through the plasma membrane
Once inside the cell, the hormone interacts with specific receptor sites, this usually initiates transcription( initiating the process to make new protein)
The new proteins create a psychological change

Question 17

Examples of water soluble hormones

Answer 17

Amine, peptides and eicosanoids