Chapter 18 Flashcards
What are macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
What are nutrients?
chemicals supplied from the environment that an organism requires for survival, and include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
What are micronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals are required in much smaller amounts
What are essential nutrients?
Nutrients that human cells cannot synthesize, such as certain amino acids
Describe glycogenesis.
Some excess glucose is polymerized to form glycogen, which the liver and
muscles store as a glucose reserve
What causes fructose to convert into glucose?
Liver enzymes
What carbohydrate is most commonly oxidized in glycolysis for cellular fuel?
Glucose
What are the most common dietary lipids?
Triglycerides
What are triglycerides made of?
three fatty acid molecules and a glycerol molecule
What kind of fat has no double bond between the carbons of their fatty acid molecules?
Saturated fats
What kinds of food is saturated fat mainly found in?
animal origin, such as meat, eggs, milk, and lard, as well as in palm and coconut oils
What kind of fat contains fatty acid molecules with double bonds?
Unsaturated fats
What foods are unsaturated fats found in?
seeds, nuts, and plant oils
What are proteins composed of?
Amino acids
Describe deamination.
A process in the liver that removes the nitrogen-containing amino groups
