Chapter 18 Flashcards
Diffuse axonal injuries (DAIs) of the brain often result in____
Reduced levels of consciousness
What event is most likely to occur to the brain in a classic cerebral concussion?
Brief period of vital sign instability
Which disorder has clinical manifestations that include decreased consciousness for up to 6 hours, as well as retrograde and posttraumatic amnesia?
Classic concussion
What group is most at risk of spinal cord injury from minor trauma?
Older adults
The edema of the upper cervical cord after spinal cord injury is considered life threatening because of which possible outcome?
Breathing difficulties from an impairment to the diaphragm.
What indicates that spinal shock is terminating?
Reflex emptying of the bladder.
What term is used to describe the complication that can result from a spinal cord injury above T6 that is producing paroxysmal hypertension, as well as piloerection and sweating above the spinal cord lesion?
Autonomic hyperreflexia
Why does a person who has a spinal cord injury experience faulty control of sweating?
The hypothalamus is unable to regulate body heat as a result of damage to the SNS
Autonomic hyperreflexia-induced bradycardia is a result of stimulation of the_______
Carotid sinus to the vagus nerve to the SA node
A herniation of which disk will likely result in motor and sensory changes of the lateral lower legs and soles of the feet?
L5-S1
Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
Hypertension
A right hemisphere embolic CVA has resulted in left-sided paralysis and reduced sensation of the left foot and leg. Which cerebral artery is most likely affected by the emboli?
Anterior cerebral artery.
Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke?
Embolic
Microinfarcts resulting in pure motor or pure sensory deficits are the result of which type of stroke?
Lacunar
Which vascular malformation is characterized by arteries that feed directly into veins through vascular tangles of abnormal vessels?
Arteriovenous malformation
Which clinical finding is considered a diagnostic indicator for an arteriovenous malformation (AVM)?
Systolic Bruit
Which cerebral vascular hemorrhage causes meningeal irritation, photophobia, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?
Subarachnoid
In adults, most intracranial tumors are located:
Infratentorially
In children, most intracranial tumors are located
Supratentorially
The most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor is the:
Astrocytoma
Meningiomas characteristically compress from___
Outside the spinal cord
What is the central component of the pathogenic model of multiple sclerosis?
Demyelination of the nerve fibers in the CNS
A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain?
Frontal
A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a contrecoup injury to which region of the brain?
Frontal
Spinal cord injuries most likely occur in which region?
C and T spine.
The most likely rationale for body temperature fluctuations after cervical spinal cord injury is that the person has:____
Sustained injury to the SNS resulting in disturbed thermal controls
A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe hypertension and bradycardia. He reports severe head pain and blurred vision. The most likely explanation for these clinical manifestations is that he is:
Developing autonomic hyperreflexia
The type of vascular malformation that most often results in hemorrhage is:
Arteriovenous malformation
Atheromatous plaques are most commonly found:
At branches of arteries
Multiple sclerosis is best described as a(an):
CNS demyelination, possibly from an immunogenetic virus.
What is the most common opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
Toxoplasmosis
It is true that Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS):
Is preceded by a viral illness
It is true that myasthenia gravis:
Causes muscle weaknes
In which disorder are acetylcholine receptor antibodies (IgG antibodies) produced against acetylcholine receptors?
Myasthenia gravis.
Multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barré syndrome are similar in that they both:
Result from demyelination by an immune reaction
