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EMT > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Six Rights of Medication Administration

A
  1. Right Patient
  2. Right Medication
  3. Right Dose
  4. Right Time
  5. Right Route
  6. Right Documentation
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2
Q

TRAMP-ED

Rights of Medication Administration

A
  • T = Time
  • R = Route
  • A = Amount (Dose)
  • M = Medication
  • P = Patient
  • E = Expiration
  • D = Documentation
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3
Q

Routes of Administration (ROAs)

A
  • Oral (PO)
  • Buccal
  • Sublingual (SL)
  • Inhalation
  • Intranasal (IN)
  • Intraosseous (IO)
  • Intramuscular (IM)
  • Subcutaneous (SubQ)
  • Intravenous (IV)
  • Endotracheal (ET)
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4
Q

Pharmacodynamics (PD)

A

The study of the effects of medications on the body.

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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics (PK)

A

The study of the absorption and elimination of medications into/from the body.

Pharmacokinetics is extremely patient-specific.

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6
Q

Administered Medications

A
  • Aspirin
  • Oxygen
  • Narcan
  • Activated Charcoal (Anti-Char)
  • Oral Glucose
  • Epi-Pen
  • Albuterol
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7
Q

Assisted Medications

A
  • Nitroglycerin (Nitro)
  • Inhaler
  • Epi-Pen
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8
Q

Aspirin

A
  • Dose: 324mg
  • MOA: Anticoagulant
  • Route: Oral
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9
Q

Adequate Breathing

A
  • Adults: 12–20
  • Children: 15–30
  • Infants: 25–50

Units = Breaths/Minute

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10
Q

Adequate Artificial Ventilation

A
  • Adults: 10–12
  • Children/Infants: 12–20

Units = Ventilations/Minute

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11
Q

Indications for C-PAP

A
  • Pulse Oximetry = < 90%
  • Respiration Rate = > 25
  • Use of Accessory Muscles for Respirations
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12
Q

Indications/Containdications of Aspirin

A

Indications:
* Cardiac-Associated Chest Pain

Contraindications:
* Asthma
* Recent Trauma
* Gastrointestinal Bleeding
* Noncardiac-Associated Chest Pain

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13
Q

Oral Glucose

A
  • Dose = 15 g
  • MOA = Increase Blood Sugar Level
  • Route = Buccal
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14
Q

Indications/Contraindications of Oral Glucose

A

Indications:
* Altered Mental Status (AMS)
* History of Diabetes
* Suspected Hypoglycemia

Contraindications:
* Inability to Follow Simple Commands
* Inability to Protect Airway

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15
Q

Oxygen

A
  • Dose = 12–15 LPM (Non-Rebreather) or 2–6 LPM (Nasal Cannula)
  • MOA = Provides High Oxygen Concentration to Inhaled Air
  • Route = Inhalation

Unit = LPM = Liters/Minute

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16
Q

Indications/Contraindications of Oxygen

A

Indications:
* Respiratory Distress
* Suspected Shock

Contraindications:
* NONE for Emergency Use

17
Q

Activated Charcoal (AntiChar)

A
  • Dose = 25–50 g (Adult) or 12.5–25 g (Pediatric)
  • MOA = Binds to Ingested (Toxic) Particulates
  • Route = Oral

  • The dose of Activated Charcoal should be roughly 1 gram per 1 kilogram of the patient.
  • Medical Command must be contacted prior to administration of AntiChar.
18
Q

Indications/Contraindications of Activated Charcoal

A

Indications:
* Ingestion of Toxin/Poison

Contraindications:
* Inability to Swallow
* Inability to Follow Simple Commands
* Inability to Protect Airway
* Ingestion of Caustic Substance
* Non-Ingestion Exposure to Toxin/Poison

19
Q

Albuterol (Brochnodilator Inhaler)

A
  • Dose = 2 Puffs (Inhaler) or 2.5 mg (Albuterol)
  • MOA = Causes Brochodilation
  • Route = Inhalation
20
Q

Indications/Contraindications of Albuterol

A

Indications:
* Respiratory Distress
* Signs of Bronchoconstriction (e.g. Wheezing)

Contraindications:
* Respiratory Distress not Caused by Bronchoconstriction

21
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • Dose = 0.4 mg (1 Spray)
  • MOA = Dilates Coronary Arteries
  • Route = Sublingual

  • Dilation of coronary arteries functions to reduce the workload of the heart (and thus reduce the body’s O2 demand).
  • Medical Command must be contacted for additional doses of Nitroglycerin.
22
Q

Indications/Contraindications of Nitroglycerin

A

Indications:
* Cardiac-Associated Chest Pain

Contraindications:
* Noncardiac-Associated Chest Pain
* Recent ED Drug Use (Within 48–72 Hours)
* Systolic BP = < 100
* Recent Intake of Nitroglycerin

ED = Erectile Dysfunction

23
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A
  • Dose = 2.0 mg
  • MOA = Reverses Effects of Narcotics
  • Route = Intranasal

Effects of narcotics include depressed level of consciousness and respiratory depression.

24
Q

Indications/Contraindications of Naloxone (Narcan)

A

Indications:
* Suspected Narcotic (Opoid) Overdose
* Coma-Like State (with Unknown Cause)

Contraindications:
* Patient is Breathing Adequately
* Patient is Able to Maintain Airway

Narcan is used to regain the patient’s adequate respiratory effort ONLY.

25
Q

Epinephrine Auto-Injectors

A
  • Dose = 0.3 mg (Adults) or 0.15 mg (Pediatrics)
  • MOA = Sympathetic Activation; Bronchodilation; Vasodilation
  • Route = Intramuscular (IM)

Medical Command must be contacted for additional doses of Epinephrine.

26
Q

Indications/Contraindications of Epinephrine

A

Indications:
* Severe Allergic Reaction
* Signs of Altered Mental Status
* Signs of Respiratory Compromise

Contraindications:
* Mild Allergic Reaction
* NONE in Emergency Scenarios

27
Q

Metformin

A

Antihyperglycemic

(Anti-Diabetic Medication)

28
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

Antihypertensive (Diuretic)

“Water Pill”

HCTZ is used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention.

29
Q

Lisinopril

A

Antihypertensive

Lisinopril is used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.

30
Q

Amlodipine

A

Antihypertensive

Amlodipine is used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain.

31
Q

Omeprazol

A

Proton-Pump Inhibtor (Akin to Antacid)

Omeprazol is used to treat heartburn, stomach ulcers, and GERD (gastroesophogeal reflux disease).

32
Q

Simvastatin

A

Lowers LDL Levels in Blood

Simvastatin is used to treat high cholesterol and high triglyceride levels.

EMT (11 decks)

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