Chapter 17.1

Question 1

Absolutism

Answer 1

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Question 2

Balance of Power

Answer 2

Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong.

Question 3

Divine Right

Answer 3

Belief that ruler’s authority comes directly from God.

Question 4

Edict of Nantes

Answer 4

An edict of 1598 sign by Henry IV of France granting toleration to Protestants and ending the French wars of Religion. It was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685.

Question 5

Enlightened Despot

Answer 5

Absolute ruler who uses his or her power to bring about political and social change.

Question 6

Huguenot

Answer 6

A French Protestant of the 16-17th centuries. Largely Calvinist, the Huguenot suffered severe persecution at the hands of the Catholic Majority many thousands emigrated from France.

Question 7

Inflation

Answer 7

Economic cycle that rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money.

Question 8

Laissez-Faire

Answer 8

Policy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference.

Question 9

Limited Monarchy

Answer 9

Government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch’s power.

Question 10

Natural Law

Answer 10

rule or law that governs human nature.

Question 11

Natural Rights

Answer 11

Right that belongs to all humans from birth.

Question 12

Partition of Poland

Answer 12

The partitions were conducted by the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria, which divided up the Commonwealth lands among themselves progressively in the process of territorial seizures. The First Partition of Poland was decided on August 5, 1772.

Question 13

PeaceofWestphalia

Answer 13

Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648

Question 14

Philosophe

Answer 14

System of ideas

Question 15

Salon

Answer 15

Informal social gathering at which writers, artists, and philosophers exchanged ideas; originated in France in the 1600s

Question 16

Social Contract

Answer 16

Agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos.

Question 17

SpanishArmada

Answer 17

A large fleet of warships

Question 18

ThirtyYears’War

Answer 18

The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, resulting in millions of casualties.