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glencoe integrated iscience > Chapter 17 - Weather > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Weather Flashcards

1
Q

A quantity that can change.

A

Variable

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2
Q

The force that a column of air applies in the air or a surface below it.

A

Air pressure

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3
Q

A machine that measures air pressure.

A

Barometer

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4
Q

Wind moves from where to where?

A

High to low pressure.

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5
Q

If a wind blows from west to east, is it a westerly or an easterly?

A

Westerly.

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6
Q

What machine is used to measure wind speed?

A

Anemometer

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7
Q

The amount of water vapor in the air.

A

Humidity

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8
Q

A machine used to measure humidity.

A

Hygrometer

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9
Q

The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount of water vapor the air could hold at that temperature, expressed as a percentage.

A

Relative humidity

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10
Q

The temperature at which the air is saturated with water vapor and condensation can occur.

A

Dew point

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11
Q

To be so full of something that you cannot absorb any more.

A

Saturated

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12
Q

Flat, white, and layered clouds

A

Stratus

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13
Q

Fluffy, heaped, or piled up clouds

A

Cumulus

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14
Q

Wispy, high clouds

A

Cirrus

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15
Q

A cloud near or on the surface.

A

Fog

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16
Q

Water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmosphere.

A

Precipitation.

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17
Q

Precipitation that reaches the earth a droplets of water.

A

Rain

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18
Q

The atmospheric conditions and short term changes for a certain place at a certain time.

A

Weather

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19
Q

變量

A

Variable

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20
Q

氣壓計

A

Barometer

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21
Q

氣壓

A

Air pressure

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22
Q

濕度

A

Humidity

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23
Q

濕度器

A

Hygrometer

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24
Q

相對濕度

A

Relative humidity

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25
Q

露點

A

Dew point

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26
Q

飽和

A

Saturated (tricky, but correct for weather and humidity)

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27
Q

層雲

A

Stratus

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28
Q

積雲

A

Cumulus

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29
Q

卷雲

A

Cirrus

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30
Q

霧

A

Fog (or mist)

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31
Q

降水

A

Precipitation

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32
Q

A large body of circulating air with high pressure at its center and lower pressure outside of the system.

A

high-pressure system

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33
Q

A large body of circulating air with low pressure at its center and higher pressure outside of the system.

A

low-pressure system

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34
Q

In a high-pressure system, does air move to or away from the center?

A

away

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35
Q

Which system brings clear skies and fair weather?

A

High pressure system

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36
Q

Which system brings clouds and, at times, precipitation?

A

Low-pressure system

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37
Q

Large bodies of air that have uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure.

A

Air mass

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38
Q

These air masses form over Siberia and the Arctic.

A

Arctic Air Mass

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39
Q

These air masses can bring temperatures to -40C

A

Arctic Air Mass

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40
Q

A bitterly cold, dry air mass.

A

Arctic Air Mass

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41
Q

These air masses form over northern Canada and Northern Russia.

A

Continental Polar Air Mass

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42
Q

These air masses are fast moving and bring cold weather in winter and cool weather in summer.

A

Continental Polar Air Mass

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43
Q

These air masses form over the northern oceans.

A

Maritime Polar Air Mass

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44
Q

These air masses are cold and humid.

A

Maritime Polar Air Masses

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45
Q

These air masses bring cloudy, rainy weather.

A

Maritime Polar Air Masses

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46
Q

These air masses form in the tropics over deserts.

A

Continental Tropical Air Masses

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47
Q

These air masses are hot and dry.

A

Continental Tropical Air Masses

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48
Q

These air masses bring clear skies and high temperatures.

A

Continental Tropical Air Masses

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49
Q

These air masses form over the southern oceans, often near the Philippines.

A

Maritime Tropical Air Masses

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50
Q

These air masses form hurricanes and typhoons.

A

Maritime Tropical Air Masses

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51
Q

These air masses have hot, humid air.

A

Maritime Tropical Air Masses

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52
Q

These air masses can bring very heavy snowfall in winter.

A

Maritime Tropical Air Masses

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53
Q

A boundary between two air masses.

A

Front

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54
Q

Drastic weather changes occur at…

A

Fronts

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55
Q

A cold air mass moves towards a warmer air mass.

A

Cold Front

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56
Q

Cold fronts can bring a temperature decrease of up to..

A

10C

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57
Q

Less dense warm air moves towards colder, denser air.

A

Warm Front

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58
Q

What weather do cold fronts typically bring?

A

Gusty wind, severe storms

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59
Q

What weather do warm fronts typically bring?

A

Steady precipitation, warming temperatures, shift in wind direction.

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60
Q

What happens when a warm front and a cold front meet each other and neither is stronger?

A

Stationary front

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61
Q

What weather is associated with a stationary front?

A

Unending rain

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62
Q

What is the local name for a repeating stationary front in Taiwan?

A

Plum rains

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63
Q

What is the name for a stationary front in India?

A

Monsoon

64
Q

What is it called when a cold front catches up with a slow moving warm front?

A

Occluded front

65
Q

What weather is associated with an occluded front?

A

Sudden rain, shifting winds

66
Q

What is the first stage of a thunderstorm?

A

Cumulus phase

67
Q

What happens during the cumulus phase?

A

Updraft

68
Q

What happens during the mature phase?

A

Updraft and downdraft

69
Q

What happens during the dissipation phase?

A

Downdraft

70
Q

What is an updraft?

A

Upwards wind

71
Q

What is a downdraft?

A

Downwards wind

72
Q

What is the second phase of a thunderstorm?

A

Mature phase

73
Q

What is the last phase of a thunderstorm?

A

Dissipation phase

74
Q

How hot can a lightning bolt get?

A

27000C

75
Q

What is lightning really?

A

Electricity

76
Q

What makes the electricity in a thundercloud?

A

Ice rubbing

77
Q

A whirling column of air in contact with the ground.

A

Tornado

78
Q

What is the diameter of a tornado?

A

100 m - 1600 m

79
Q

How fast can the wind get inside a tornado?

A

500 km/h

80
Q

How long can a tornado last?

A

5 min - 5 hrs

81
Q

Which has stronger winds, a typhoon or a tornado?

A

tornado

82
Q

Where do hurricanes form?

A

Atlantic Ocean

83
Q

Where do typhoons form?

A

Pacific Ocean

84
Q

Where do cyclones form?

A

South of equator

85
Q

How much bigger is the typical hurricane or typhoon than a typical tornado?

A

150 000 times.

86
Q

A violent winter storm with freezing temperatures, strong winds, and blowing snow.

A

Blizzard

87
Q

A set of weather measurements made on the ground or ocean.

A

Surface report

88
Q

A set of weather measurements made above earth’s surface.

A

Upper air report

89
Q

How are upper air reports usually made?

A

Weather balloons.

90
Q

What is the name of the instrument used in weather balloons that makes many weather measurements and radios them back to the ground?

A

Radiosonde

91
Q

How high do most weather satellites orbit the earth?

A

35 000 km

92
Q

A type of radar that can detect precipitation and the movement of small particles.

A

Doppler Radar

93
Q

This weather detection system works by measuring the change in frequency of waves reflected by moving particles.

A

Doppler radar`

94
Q

This weather imaging technology is normally only seen on TV during typhoons in Taiwan.

A

Doppler radar

95
Q

This weather imaging technology only shows where clouds are.

A

Visible light satellite image

96
Q

This weather imaging technology shows the heights and temperatures of clouds.

A

Infrared satellite image

97
Q

Lines that connect all places on a map that have the same air pressure.

A

Isobar

98
Q

What type of front is marked on a weather map by a line with triangles pointing out of it on one side?

A

Cold front

99
Q

What type of front is marked on a weather map by a line with half circles pointing out of it on one side?

A

Warm front

100
Q

What type of front is marked on a weather map by a line with both half circles and triangles pointing out on one side?

A

Occluded front

101
Q

What type of front is marked on a weather map by a line with half circles and triangles pointing out on opposite sides?

A

Stationary front

102
Q

What weather feature is marked on a weather map by thin lines with numbers on them?

A

Isobar

103
Q

What weather feature is marked on a weather map by a dot with a sort of flag pointing out of it?

A

Surface report

104
Q

What weather feature is marked on a weather map by a capital ‘H’?

A

High-pressure system

105
Q

What weather feature is marked on a weather map by a capital letter ‘L’?

A

Low-pressure system

106
Q

What are detailed computer programs that simulate a natural or man-made system?

A

Computer model

107
Q

What are GFS and NOGAPS examples of?

A

Computer models

108
Q

What is the long-term average weather conditions that appear in a particular region?

A

Climate

109
Q

What is the name for how far north or south a particular location is from the equator?

A

Latitude

110
Q

What is the name for how far east or west a place is from London, England?

A

Longitude

111
Q

What is Taichung’s latitude?

A

24.15N

112
Q

What is the word for how high a location is above sea level?

A

Altitude

113
Q

Higher altitude means …

A

Lower temperature and air pressure

114
Q

What is an area of low rainfall on the downwind slope of a mountain?

A

Rain shadow

115
Q

What is the name for the amount of thermal energy (J) needed to raise the temperature of material (1 kg) by 1C?

A

Specific heat

116
Q

Which has a higher specific heat, sand or water?

A

Water

117
Q

What makes climates near the ocean more constant than those in the middle of a continent?

A

High specific heat of water

118
Q

What kind of climate is Taiwan classified as having?

A

Tropical wet

119
Q

What factors affect how a region’s climate is classified?

A

Temperature, precipitation, and native vegetation

120
Q

What is a local climate that is different from the surrounding climate called?

A

Microclimate

121
Q

What are cold periods lasting from hundreds to millions of years where glaciers cover much of the Earth’s surface?

A

Ice ages

122
Q

What are the periods when glaciers retreat called?

A

Intergalacials

123
Q

Are we in an ice age or an interglacial?

A

intergalacial

124
Q

When did the last interglacial begin?

A

10 000 years ago

125
Q

How long is the cycle of changes in the shape of Earth’s orbit?

A

100 000 years

126
Q

How long is the cycle of changes in the tilt of Earth’s axis?

A

41 000 years

127
Q

What causes the seasons?

A

Tilt of earth’s axis to or away from sun.

128
Q

If it is winter here, what is the season in America?

A

Winter

129
Q

If it is winter here, what season is it in South Africa?

A

Summer

130
Q

IF it is winter here, what season is it in Australia?

A

Summer

131
Q

What date marks the beginning of summer?

A

June 21

132
Q

What date marks the beginning of winter?

A

December 22

133
Q

What date marks the beginning of fall?

A

September 23

134
Q

What date marks the beginning of spring?

A

March 21

135
Q

What is that name of the day that begins winter?

A

Winter solstice

136
Q

What is the name of the day that begins summer?

A

Summer solstice

137
Q

What is the name of the day that begins fall?

A

Fall equinox

138
Q

What is the name of the day that begins spring?

A

Spring equinox

139
Q

On what days are both day and night exactly the same length everywhere on Earth?

A

Equinoxes

140
Q

On what day does the sun go directly over head in Jiayi county?

A

Summer solstice

141
Q

How many solstices are there in a year?

A

2

142
Q

How many equinoxes are there in a year?

A

2

143
Q

What is the many year ocean and atmospheric cycle that results in lowered trade winds in the Pacific called?

A

El Nino

144
Q

What is another name for El Nino?

A

ENSO, or El Nino/Southern Oscillation

145
Q

How long does an El Nino cycle normally take?

A

3-8 years

146
Q

Is this an El Nino year?

A

Yes

147
Q

What is a name for a wind circulation pattern that changes with the seasons?

A

Monsoon

148
Q

What weather front often occurs at the change of seasons in a monsoon area?

A

Slowly moving stationary front

149
Q

What is an period with below average precipitation?

A

Drought

150
Q

What is the rise in Earth’s average temperature during the past 100 years called?

A

Global warming

151
Q

What are gases that absorb infrared radiation called?

A

Greenhouse gases

152
Q

What is the most important greenhouse gas?

A

CO2

153
Q

What is a name for the large scale cutting and burning of forests?

A

deforestation

154
Q

What is a name for tiny solid or liquid particles?

A

Aerosols

155
Q

Do aerosols coll or heat the earth?

A

Cool

156
Q

What is a name for a computer model used to predict long term changes in the Earth’s climate?

A

Global Climate Model

glencoe integrated iscience (5 decks)

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