Chapter 17 - Weather Flashcards
1
Q
A quantity that can change.
A
Variable
2
Q
The force that a column of air applies in the air or a surface below it.
A
Air pressure
3
Q
A machine that measures air pressure.
A
Barometer
4
Q
Wind moves from where to where?
A
High to low pressure.
5
Q
If a wind blows from west to east, is it a westerly or an easterly?
A
Westerly.
6
Q
What machine is used to measure wind speed?
A
Anemometer
7
Q
The amount of water vapor in the air.
A
Humidity
8
Q
A machine used to measure humidity.
A
Hygrometer
9
Q
The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount of water vapor the air could hold at that temperature, expressed as a percentage.
A
Relative humidity
10
Q
The temperature at which the air is saturated with water vapor and condensation can occur.
A
Dew point
11
Q
To be so full of something that you cannot absorb any more.
A
Saturated
12
Q
Flat, white, and layered clouds
A
Stratus
13
Q
Fluffy, heaped, or piled up clouds
A
Cumulus
14
Q
Wispy, high clouds
A
Cirrus
15
Q
A cloud near or on the surface.
A
Fog
16
Q
Water, in liquid or solid form, that falls from the atmosphere.
A
Precipitation.
17
Q
Precipitation that reaches the earth a droplets of water.
A
Rain
18
Q
The atmospheric conditions and short term changes for a certain place at a certain time.
A
Weather
19
Q
變量
A
Variable
20
Q
氣壓計
A
Barometer
21
Q
氣壓
A
Air pressure
22
Q
濕度
A
Humidity
23
Q
濕度器
A
Hygrometer
24
Q
相對濕度
A
Relative humidity
25
露點
Dew point
26
飽和
Saturated (tricky, but correct for weather and humidity)
27
層雲
Stratus
28
積雲
Cumulus
29
卷雲
Cirrus
30
霧
Fog (or mist)
31
降水
Precipitation
32
A large body of circulating air with high pressure at its center and lower pressure outside of the system.
high-pressure system
33
A large body of circulating air with low pressure at its center and higher pressure outside of the system.
low-pressure system
34
In a high-pressure system, does air move to or away from the center?
away
35
Which system brings clear skies and fair weather?
High pressure system
36
Which system brings clouds and, at times, precipitation?
Low-pressure system
37
Large bodies of air that have uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure.
Air mass
38
These air masses form over Siberia and the Arctic.
Arctic Air Mass
39
These air masses can bring temperatures to -40C
Arctic Air Mass
40
A bitterly cold, dry air mass.
Arctic Air Mass
41
These air masses form over northern Canada and Northern Russia.
Continental Polar Air Mass
42
These air masses are fast moving and bring cold weather in winter and cool weather in summer.
Continental Polar Air Mass
43
These air masses form over the northern oceans.
Maritime Polar Air Mass
44
These air masses are cold and humid.
Maritime Polar Air Masses
45
These air masses bring cloudy, rainy weather.
Maritime Polar Air Masses
46
These air masses form in the tropics over deserts.
Continental Tropical Air Masses
47
These air masses are hot and dry.
Continental Tropical Air Masses
48
These air masses bring clear skies and high temperatures.
Continental Tropical Air Masses
49
These air masses form over the southern oceans, often near the Philippines.
Maritime Tropical Air Masses
50
These air masses form hurricanes and typhoons.
Maritime Tropical Air Masses
51
These air masses have hot, humid air.
Maritime Tropical Air Masses
52
These air masses can bring very heavy snowfall in winter.
Maritime Tropical Air Masses
53
A boundary between two air masses.
Front
54
Drastic weather changes occur at...
Fronts
55
A cold air mass moves towards a warmer air mass.
Cold Front
56
Cold fronts can bring a temperature decrease of up to..
10C
57
Less dense warm air moves towards colder, denser air.
Warm Front
58
What weather do cold fronts typically bring?
Gusty wind, severe storms
59
What weather do warm fronts typically bring?
Steady precipitation, warming temperatures, shift in wind direction.
60
What happens when a warm front and a cold front meet each other and neither is stronger?
Stationary front
61
What weather is associated with a stationary front?
Unending rain
62
What is the local name for a repeating stationary front in Taiwan?
Plum rains
63
What is the name for a stationary front in India?
Monsoon
64
What is it called when a cold front catches up with a slow moving warm front?
Occluded front
65
What weather is associated with an occluded front?
Sudden rain, shifting winds
66
What is the first stage of a thunderstorm?
Cumulus phase
67
What happens during the cumulus phase?
Updraft
68
What happens during the mature phase?
Updraft and downdraft
69
What happens during the dissipation phase?
Downdraft
70
What is an updraft?
Upwards wind
71
What is a downdraft?
Downwards wind
72
What is the second phase of a thunderstorm?
Mature phase
73
What is the last phase of a thunderstorm?
Dissipation phase
74
How hot can a lightning bolt get?
27000C
75
What is lightning really?
Electricity
76
What makes the electricity in a thundercloud?
Ice rubbing
77
A whirling column of air in contact with the ground.
Tornado
78
What is the diameter of a tornado?
100 m - 1600 m
79
How fast can the wind get inside a tornado?
500 km/h
80
How long can a tornado last?
5 min - 5 hrs
81
Which has stronger winds, a typhoon or a tornado?
tornado
82
Where do hurricanes form?
Atlantic Ocean
83
Where do typhoons form?
Pacific Ocean
84
Where do cyclones form?
South of equator
85
How much bigger is the typical hurricane or typhoon than a typical tornado?
150 000 times.
86
A violent winter storm with freezing temperatures, strong winds, and blowing snow.
Blizzard
87
A set of weather measurements made on the ground or ocean.
Surface report
88
A set of weather measurements made above earth's surface.
Upper air report
89
How are upper air reports usually made?
Weather balloons.
90
What is the name of the instrument used in weather balloons that makes many weather measurements and radios them back to the ground?
Radiosonde
91
How high do most weather satellites orbit the earth?
35 000 km
92
A type of radar that can detect precipitation and the movement of small particles.
Doppler Radar
93
This weather detection system works by measuring the change in frequency of waves reflected by moving particles.
Doppler radar`
94
This weather imaging technology is normally only seen on TV during typhoons in Taiwan.
Doppler radar
95
This weather imaging technology only shows where clouds are.
Visible light satellite image
96
This weather imaging technology shows the heights and temperatures of clouds.
Infrared satellite image
97
Lines that connect all places on a map that have the same air pressure.
Isobar
98
What type of front is marked on a weather map by a line with triangles pointing out of it on one side?
Cold front
99
What type of front is marked on a weather map by a line with half circles pointing out of it on one side?
Warm front
100
What type of front is marked on a weather map by a line with both half circles and triangles pointing out on one side?
Occluded front
101
What type of front is marked on a weather map by a line with half circles and triangles pointing out on opposite sides?
Stationary front
102
What weather feature is marked on a weather map by thin lines with numbers on them?
Isobar
103
What weather feature is marked on a weather map by a dot with a sort of flag pointing out of it?
Surface report
104
What weather feature is marked on a weather map by a capital 'H'?
High-pressure system
105
What weather feature is marked on a weather map by a capital letter 'L'?
Low-pressure system
106
What are detailed computer programs that simulate a natural or man-made system?
Computer model
107
What are GFS and NOGAPS examples of?
Computer models
108
What is the long-term average weather conditions that appear in a particular region?
Climate
109
What is the name for how far north or south a particular location is from the equator?
Latitude
110
What is the name for how far east or west a place is from London, England?
Longitude
111
What is Taichung's latitude?
24.15N
112
What is the word for how high a location is above sea level?
Altitude
113
Higher altitude means ...
Lower temperature and air pressure
114
What is an area of low rainfall on the downwind slope of a mountain?
Rain shadow
115
What is the name for the amount of thermal energy (J) needed to raise the temperature of material (1 kg) by 1C?
Specific heat
116
Which has a higher specific heat, sand or water?
Water
117
What makes climates near the ocean more constant than those in the middle of a continent?
High specific heat of water
118
What kind of climate is Taiwan classified as having?
Tropical wet
119
What factors affect how a region's climate is classified?
Temperature, precipitation, and native vegetation
120
What is a local climate that is different from the surrounding climate called?
Microclimate
121
What are cold periods lasting from hundreds to millions of years where glaciers cover much of the Earth's surface?
Ice ages
122
What are the periods when glaciers retreat called?
Intergalacials
123
Are we in an ice age or an interglacial?
intergalacial
124
When did the last interglacial begin?
10 000 years ago
125
How long is the cycle of changes in the shape of Earth's orbit?
100 000 years
126
How long is the cycle of changes in the tilt of Earth's axis?
41 000 years
127
What causes the seasons?
Tilt of earth's axis to or away from sun.
128
If it is winter here, what is the season in America?
Winter
129
If it is winter here, what season is it in South Africa?
Summer
130
IF it is winter here, what season is it in Australia?
Summer
131
What date marks the beginning of summer?
June 21
132
What date marks the beginning of winter?
December 22
133
What date marks the beginning of fall?
September 23
134
What date marks the beginning of spring?
March 21
135
What is that name of the day that begins winter?
Winter solstice
136
What is the name of the day that begins summer?
Summer solstice
137
What is the name of the day that begins fall?
Fall equinox
138
What is the name of the day that begins spring?
Spring equinox
139
On what days are both day and night exactly the same length everywhere on Earth?
Equinoxes
140
On what day does the sun go directly over head in Jiayi county?
Summer solstice
141
How many solstices are there in a year?
2
142
How many equinoxes are there in a year?
2
143
What is the many year ocean and atmospheric cycle that results in lowered trade winds in the Pacific called?
El Nino
144
What is another name for El Nino?
ENSO, or El Nino/Southern Oscillation
145
How long does an El Nino cycle normally take?
3-8 years
146
Is this an El Nino year?
Yes
147
What is a name for a wind circulation pattern that changes with the seasons?
Monsoon
148
What weather front often occurs at the change of seasons in a monsoon area?
Slowly moving stationary front
149
What is an period with below average precipitation?
Drought
150
What is the rise in Earth's average temperature during the past 100 years called?
Global warming
151
What are gases that absorb infrared radiation called?
Greenhouse gases
152
What is the most important greenhouse gas?
CO2
153
What is a name for the large scale cutting and burning of forests?
deforestation
154
What is a name for tiny solid or liquid particles?
Aerosols
155
Do aerosols coll or heat the earth?
Cool
156
What is a name for a computer model used to predict long term changes in the Earth's climate?
Global Climate Model
