Chapter 17 - Oscillations Flashcards
Forced Oscillation
When periodic forces act on objects to make them vibrate, the object vibrates at the frequency of the applied force instead of is natural frequency. Periodic application of force.
Free Oscillations
When an object is freely left to oscillate, number of continuous forces are applied, the object oscillates at its natural frequency.
Phase
The point that on oscillating mass has reacted within the entire oscillation.
SHM
SHM is defined as the motion of a particle where acceleration is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and which is always directed towards the equilibrium position.
Frequency
The number of oscillations or vibrations per unit time is the frequency f. f = 1/T
Displacement
The distance from the equilibrium position is known as the displacement
Amplitude
The amplitude (a scalar quantity) is the maximum displacement.
a = –ω ^2x
a - Acceleration
w - Angular velocity
x - Displacement at any point.
Angular Frequency
ω = 2π/T
Factors Of SHM
1) Motion is periodic
2) Motion is oscillatory
3) Acceleration is proportional to the negative os displacement. ( Opposite directions).
Energy
Kinetic at mean points
Potential at extreme points
Velocity
v = v0 cosω t when x = x0 sinω t
Acceleration
a = −a0 sin ω t when x = x0 sinω t
Alternate Velocity
Kinetic Energy
Ek = 1/2 m ω^2 (x0^2 − x^2)
