Chapter 17-Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Define:
Hydrocarbon
A compound made of only Hydrogen and Carbon.
Define:
Homologus Series
A series of compounds with the same general formula and functional group. They have similar properties.
Name 2 properties of Alkanes.
- The all end with the name -ane
- They have the general formula: Cn H2n+2
- Saturated, no spare bonds.
Describe what happens as you go down the Alkanes.
- Boiling points increase
- Less volatile
- Harder to ignite
- As you go down: Gas-Liquid-Solid
Think: Combustion (Complete + Incomplete) and Chlorine
Describe 3 reactions which Alkanes undergo.
- Complete (lots O2) Alkane (i.e. Methane) + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water.
- Incomplete (few O2) Alkane (i.e. Methane) + Oxygen > Carbon Monoxide + Water
- Chlorine *(photochemical)* Alkane (i.e. Methane) + Chlorine > Chloroalkane (Chloromethane**) + Hydrogen Chloride.
Name 3 properties of Alkenes.
- General Formula: CnH2n
- Names end in -ene
- C=C, spare (double) bond so unsaturated and more reacitve.
Describe what happens as you go down the alkene chain.
- Boiling points increase
- More viscous
- Less volatile
How are alkenes made?
Through a porcess called cracking, this involves heat.
Alkane > Alkene + Hydrogen
Describe the 3 reactions which alkenes undergo.
- Alkene (i.e. Ethene) + Hydrogen >Heat, Pressure, Catalyst > Alkane (i.e. Ethane)
- (Reversible) Alkene (i.e. Ethene) + Water >Heat, Pressure, Catalyst< Alcohol (i.e. Ethanol)
- Polymerisation-consists of long chains of monomers joined up.
How does one differentiate an alkene from an alkane.
React them in Bromine Water.
- The alkane is unreactive as it has full bonds, so Bromine Water remains brown/orange.
- The alkene is reactive as it has spare (double) bonds, so Bromin Water goes from brown/orange to colourless.
Name 3 properties of Alcohols.
- Contain the functional group OH, this means they react in the same way.
- Names end in -ol
- General formula: CnH2n+1OH
Why are alcohols like Ethanol important?
- Ethanol is used in alcoholic drinks
- It’s a good solvent, dissolves things water can’t.
- Evaporates easily-very volatile, makes it suitable for perfumes, glue, printer inks, etc.
Name 2 properties of Carboxylic Acids.
- They have the general formula: CnH2nO2
- Have the functional group COOH (OH-C=O)
What are esters?
Esters are formed when an alcohol and a carboxylic acid react.
Reactions are reversible, and sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst.
Why is the formation of esters a condensation reaction?
Because not only does it give off water but two molecues reacted giving off a large molecule and a small molecule.
Define
Cracking
Process of breaking down large molecule into smaller ones via thermal decomposition.
How is petroleum (crude oil) seperated?
Through fractional distillation.
List the different number of fractions into which petroleum is seperated into, and their uses.
