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Health Assessment - Karen > Chapter 17 - Nose, Sinuses, Mouth, and Throat Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Nose, Sinuses, Mouth, and Throat Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Allergic salute

A

an upward rubbing of the external nose induced by itching; may lead to a crease or bend in the nose, most commonly in children with allergies.

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2
Q

angular cheilitis

A

maceration of the skin at the corners of the mouth; caused by overclosure of the mouth

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3
Q

ankyloglossia

A

a short lingual frenulum; may be congenital, restricting movement of the tongue and subsequently speech

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4
Q

anosmia

A

decreased smell

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5
Q

stopy

A

allergy

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6
Q

bednar aphthae

A

ulcerative abrasions on the posterior hard palate that result from hard sucking

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7
Q

bifid uvula

A

minor cleft of the posterior soft palate

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8
Q

choana

A

opening of the nose

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9
Q

choanal atresia

A

restriction of the bucco-nasal membrane

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10
Q

columella

A

anatomical structure that divides the oval nares (nostrils)

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11
Q

deviation of septum

A

deflection of the center wall of the nose (septum)

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12
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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13
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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14
Q

epstein pearls

A

small, white, glistening, perarly papules along the median border of the hard palate and gums; a normal finding in new-borns.

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15
Q

epulis

A

localized gingival enlargement. may lead to a tumor-like mass

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16
Q

fordyce’s granules

A

small isolated whie or yellow papules on the buccal mucosa, representing insignificant sebaceous cysts or salivary tissue.

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17
Q

geographic tongue

A

tongue appearance with creases, bends, and unusual appearances; tends to occur in people with allergic disease but has no significant pathology.

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18
Q

gustatory rhinitis

A

clear rhinorrhea stimulated by the small and taste of food

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19
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

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20
Q

hemangioma

A

benign mass of blood vessels

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21
Q

koplik’s spots

A

finding in rubeola measles; appearance resembles grains of salt on the erythematous base of the buccal mucosa opposite the first and second molars.

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22
Q

leukoplakia

A

white patches with well-defined borders found on the lips or gums

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23
Q

lingula frenulum

A

anatomical structure that connects the base of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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24
Q

Ludwig’s angina

A

swelling that results form infection in the floor of the mouth and pushes the tongue up and back. It can lead to eventual airway obstruction.

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25
Q

Milia

A

small white bumps across the bridge of the nose; a common newborn finding

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26
Q

oral candidiasis

A

white coating of the tongue; also known as thrush

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27
Q

osteo-meatal complex

A

the collective middle turbinate and middle meatus area

28
Q

peritonsillar abscess

A

abscess in the anterior tonsillar pillar that may result from collection of fluid

29
Q

petechiae

A

small red spots under the skin resulting form blood that escapes the capillaries; may occur with trauma, infection or decreased platelet counts

30
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharyngeal walls

31
Q

polyps

A

grape-like swollen nasal membranes, may appear white and glistening

32
Q

rubeola measles

A

infectious disease with symptoms of a maculopapular rash on the buccal mucosa, fever, inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, nasal discharge (coryza), and cough.

33
Q

scrotal tongue

A

fissures that become inflammed with food or debris and appear in the tongue

34
Q

septal perforation

A

hold in the midline septum

35
Q

smooth, glossy tongue

A

tongue and buccal mucosa that appear smooth and shiny from papillary atrophy and thinning of the buccal mucosa.

36
Q

sucking tubercle

A

in infants, the formation of a small pad in the middle upper lip

37
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

38
Q

torus palatinus

A

bony prominence in the middle of the hard palate

39
Q

trismus

A

inability to open the jaw

40
Q

vermillion

A

junction of the lip and facial skin

41
Q

vestibule

A

anatomic name for the nares; comprised of skin and ciliated mucosa.

42
Q

xerostoma

A

dry mouth

43
Q

inspect the nose

A

normal: it appears symmetrical, midline, and proportionally shaped to facial features. Skin surface is smooth without lesions; coloration is consistent with other facial complexion.

Abnormal: Asymmetry, swelling, or bruising.

44
Q

(Optional) ask the pt to identify common scents. smell testing may be performed using a sniff test card.

A

Normal: pt correctly identifies scents.

Abnormal: Anosomia; sudden loss of smell.

45
Q

Inspect the sinus areas (forehead, between the eyes, and both cheeks) and for redness or swelling.

A

Normal: findings are symmetrical with no redness or swelling.

Abnormal: Redness and swelling over the sinuses.

46
Q

Palpate and percuss the Maxilary, ethmoid, and frontal sinus areas.

A

Normal: No tenderness or fullness is present.

Abnormal: Tenderness or fullness.

47
Q

Inspect lips, noting color, moisture, lesions, and oral competence.

A

Normal: Lips are pink and moist with no lesions.

Abnormal: Dryness or cracking; lesions or aphthous ulcers; swelling or edema or lips; oral incompetence; cleft lip or inadequate repair.

48
Q

Fully inspect the buccal mucosa, noting color and pigmentation. Inspect the entire U-shaped area in the floor of the mouth. Note the parotid (Stensen’s) duct.

A

Normal: Buccal mucosa and soft and hard palates are pink with no lesions.

Abnormal: Poor oral hygiene; inflamed buccal mucosa; white patches (leukoplakia); ulceration; petechiae (small red spots resulting from blood, which escapes the capillaries); redness or swelling for Stensen’s duct)

49
Q

Inspect the teeth and gums. Note numbers and position of teeth. Note general appearance and signs of decay. Note alignment. Note the odor of the patient’s breath.

A

Normal: Gingiva is pink and moist without inflammation. Teeth are well aligned with no evidence of decay. Breath has no foul odor.

Abnormal: Teeth may be stained or have decay. Swollen or red gums with bleeding may indicate gingivitis. Foul breath may suggest infection.

50
Q

Note the position of the uvula. Have the patient say “ah,” noting the rise of the uvula and fuction of the vagus (CN X)

A

Normal: Uvula rises symmetrically with “ah”

Abnormal: Swollen uvula; uvula that is bifid or has a notch or cleft; no upward movement of the uvula when the patient says, “ah” (indicates dysfunction of the CN X)

51
Q

Inspect the color and surface of the hard and soft palate.

A

Normal: Palate is intact.

Abnormal: With cleft palate, nasopharyngeal incompetence and resultant nasal air leak during speech.

52
Q

Inspect the tongue, including the dorsum (top surface), sides, and underneath. Note papillae on the dorsum, small anterior, and large posterior. Ask the patient to stick out the tongue.

A

Normal: Tongue is smooth and midline.

Abnormal: Lesions or ulcers; geographic tongue; white coating of the tongue.

53
Q

Inspect Wharton’s ducts in the floor of the moth. Evaluate salivary flow from the submandibular salivary gland.

A

Normal: There is no swelling or tenderness.

Abnormal: Swelling, duct obstruction.

54
Q

Palpate the paratoid, submandibular, and sublingual glands for swelling or tenderness.

A

Normal: There is no swelling or tenderness.

Abnormal: Swelling or duct obstruction.

55
Q

(optional) Place a gloved hand inside the cheek to assess Stensen’s duct and Wharton’s duct for a stone, growth, or any lesions.

A

Normal: Ducts are smooth with no signs of stones, lesions, or growths.

Abnormal: A firm area at either Stensen’s or Wharton’s duct; lesions of oral mucosa

56
Q

Pressing down slightly with the tongue blade on the midpoint of the tongue, visualize the pharynx, tonsils, soft palate, and anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars. Note color, symmetry, enlargement, and any lesions. Grade the tonsils.

A

Normal: Tissue is pink and moist with symmetrical margins. No enlargement or lesions are noted. Tonsils are absent or 1+.

Abnormal: Mucosal inflammation; hypertrophy of tonsils; superficial scars or crypts; white curd-like material embedded in the tonsil mucosa; asymmetrical tonsilar enlargement; peritonsillar abscess (quinsy); squeezed appearance of the general proportion of the throat; red and white patches in the throat; difficulty swallowing; tender or swollen glands (lymph nodes) in the neck; red and enlarged tonsils

57
Q

nasal crusting and polyps is a sign of ____

A

churg-strauss syndrome

58
Q

atrophy and drying of oral and nasal mucosa; may lead to epistaxis is a common nasal finding and what disease?

A

Sjogren syndrome

59
Q

Blister formation on external nose or anterior septum is a nasal finding in what disease?

A

pemphigus-pemphigoid

60
Q

Telagiectasias of nasal mucosa with no cilia is a nasal finding of what disease?

A

scleroderma

61
Q

oral ulceration, rhinorrhea, rhinalgia, apthous, ulceration or nose or nasopharynx that heals without scarring is a nasal finding of what disease?

A

bechet disease

62
Q

engorgement of turbinates with papules or nodules on spetum is a nasal finding of what disease?

A

sarcoidosis

63
Q

nasal crusting, ulcerations, epistaxis, chornic rhinosinusitis, septal perforations is a nasal finding of what disease?

A

wegner granulomatosis

64
Q

ulcerations in vestibule of nose or septum; secondary lesions of primary fades; tertiatry nasal septal swelling may develop into perforation…. 3-4 weeks after contact with what infection?

A

syphilis

65
Q

nasal crustin and mucosal ulcerations are nasal findings of what infection?

A

tuberculosis

66
Q

copious, thick, viscous mucus that blocks airways; chronic rhinosinusitis; nasal polyps is a nasal finding in what disease?

A

cystic fibrosis

67
Q

nasal ulcerations, lesions, kaposis sarcoma are nasal findings in what disease?

A

AIDS/HIV

Health Assessment - Karen (2 decks)

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