Chapter 17: MNT for Breast Cancer

Question 1

True or False: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the USA

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What % of women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime?

Answer 2

12.9%

Question 3

What is the 5-year survival rate for stage 1 (early) breast cancer?

Answer 3

98.9%

Question 4

What is ER?

Answer 4

Estrogen receptors

Question 5

What is PR?

Answer 5

Progesterone receptors

Question 6

What is HER 2?

Answer 6

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2

Question 7

What are the biggest risk factors for breast cancer?

Answer 7

Female gender
Age

Question 8

What are modifiable risk factors associated with breast cancer?

Answer 8

Alcohol consumption
Overweight and obesity
Low levels of physical activity
Use of oral contraceptives
Use of hormone replacement therapy
Childbearing and breastfeeding

Question 9

What are nonmodifiable risk factors for breast cancer?

Answer 9

Early onset menarche before age 12
Reaching menopause after age 55
Receiving radiation to the chest
Having dense breast tissue
Race and ethnicity (especially Ashkenazi Jewish)
Inherited genes (BRCA 1, BRCA 2)

Question 10

What are two standard treatments for women with ER+ breast cancer (in addition to surgery, radiation, chemotherapy)?

Answer 10

Hormonal therapy with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors.

Question 11

How do aromatase inhibitors work?

Answer 11

Aromatase inhibitors stop the production of estrogen in postmenopausal women.

Question 12

How do selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) work?

Answer 12

Decrease growth of estrogen-sensitive cells by binding to the estrogen receptor.

Question 13

Aromatase inhibitors are associated with ____?

Answer 13

Bone loss

Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake

Question 14

DRI for calcium in women

Answer 14

1000 mg/day for women 19-50
1200 mg/day for women over 50

Question 15

DRI for vitamin D

Answer 15

600 IU/day for adults 19-70
800 IU/day for adults over 70

Question 16

T/F: Aerobic activity and resistance training appear to be safe and effective in reducing the incidence of lymphedema.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

____ is a major risk factor for lymphedema?

Answer 17

Obesity

Question 18

T/F: Women with breast cancer are less likely to present with weight loss and malnutrition?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

MNT interventions for breast cancer

Answer 19

Promote gradual weight loss while preserving lean body mass.
Manage NIS during treatment.
Promote post-operative recovery with adequate cal/pro.
Survivorship plan that encourages a healthy weight and healthy foods

Question 20

Omega-3 Fatty Acids should not be consumed in excess of ____ grams per day?

Answer 20

3 grams

Question 21

T/F: Consuming 2-3 servings of soy food per day is safe?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Calorie and protein needs for breast cancer?

Answer 22

25-30 kcal/kg
1.0-1.5 g/kg

Question 23

T/F: The benefits of soy are seen with soy food rather than with the supplement?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

EPA and DHA intake greater than ____ mg/day (from marine sources) lowers breast cancer events by 25%.

Answer 24

73 mg

Question 25

Breast cancer patients with central obesity have a high prevalence of ___?

Answer 25

metabolic syndrome

Question 26

How does physical activity help to reduce breast cancer risk?

Answer 26

Reduce sex hormone levels
Reduce insulin resistance
Reduce inflammation
Strengthen the immune system

Question 27

Examples of SERM

Answer 27

Tamoxifen
Raloxifene
Fluvestrant

Question 28

T/F: Triple negative breast cancer is the easiest to treat?

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What medication is used to treat HER2 breast cancer?

Answer 29

Herceptin (Trastuzumab)

Question 30

Should a pt with breast cancer take an omega-6 supplement (linoleic acid)?

Answer 30

NO.

May stimulate effect on breast cancer cells.