Chapter 17: MNT for Breast Cancer Flashcards
True or False: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the USA
True
What % of women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime?
12.9%
What is the 5-year survival rate for stage 1 (early) breast cancer?
98.9%
What is ER?
Estrogen receptors
What is PR?
Progesterone receptors
What is HER 2?
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
What are the biggest risk factors for breast cancer?
Female gender
Age
What are modifiable risk factors associated with breast cancer?
Alcohol consumption
Overweight and obesity
Low levels of physical activity
Use of oral contraceptives
Use of hormone replacement therapy
Childbearing and breastfeeding
What are nonmodifiable risk factors for breast cancer?
Early onset menarche before age 12
Reaching menopause after age 55
Receiving radiation to the chest
Having dense breast tissue
Race and ethnicity (especially Ashkenazi Jewish)
Inherited genes (BRCA 1, BRCA 2)
What are two standard treatments for women with ER+ breast cancer (in addition to surgery, radiation, chemotherapy)?
Hormonal therapy with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors.
How do aromatase inhibitors work?
Aromatase inhibitors stop the production of estrogen in postmenopausal women.
How do selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) work?
Decrease growth of estrogen-sensitive cells by binding to the estrogen receptor.
Aromatase inhibitors are associated with ____?
Bone loss
Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake
DRI for calcium in women
1000 mg/day for women 19-50
1200 mg/day for women over 50
DRI for vitamin D
600 IU/day for adults 19-70
800 IU/day for adults over 70
T/F: Aerobic activity and resistance training appear to be safe and effective in reducing the incidence of lymphedema.
True
____ is a major risk factor for lymphedema?
Obesity
T/F: Women with breast cancer are less likely to present with weight loss and malnutrition?
True
MNT interventions for breast cancer
Promote gradual weight loss while preserving lean body mass.
Manage NIS during treatment.
Promote post-operative recovery with adequate cal/pro.
Survivorship plan that encourages a healthy weight and healthy foods
Omega-3 Fatty Acids should not be consumed in excess of ____ grams per day?
3 grams
T/F: Consuming 2-3 servings of soy food per day is safe?
True
Calorie and protein needs for breast cancer?
25-30 kcal/kg
1.0-1.5 g/kg
T/F: The benefits of soy are seen with soy food rather than with the supplement?
True
EPA and DHA intake greater than ____ mg/day (from marine sources) lowers breast cancer events by 25%.
73 mg
Breast cancer patients with central obesity have a high prevalence of ___?
metabolic syndrome
How does physical activity help to reduce breast cancer risk?
Reduce sex hormone levels
Reduce insulin resistance
Reduce inflammation
Strengthen the immune system
Examples of SERM
Tamoxifen
Raloxifene
Fluvestrant
T/F: Triple negative breast cancer is the easiest to treat?
False
What medication is used to treat HER2 breast cancer?
Herceptin (Trastuzumab)
Should a pt with breast cancer take an omega-6 supplement (linoleic acid)?
NO.
May stimulate effect on breast cancer cells.
