CHAPTER 17: MANAGEMENT OF CLIENTS WITH INFECTIOUS NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

Question 1

inflammation of the meninges, which cover and protect the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 1

Meningitis

Question 2

Major Causes of Meningities

Answer 2

1) Bacterial ( Streptococcus pneumonia & Neisseria meningitidis)
2) Viral (Enteroviruses)
3) Fungal Infections

Question 3

Clinical Manifestations

Answer 3

﴿ Fever & Headache (steady/throbbing)
﴿ Neck immobility - stiff and painful neck (nuchal rigidity)
﴿ Photophobia (extreme sensitivity to light)
﴿ rash can be a striking feature of N. meningitidis infection
﴿ Positive Kernig sign - Kernig’s is performed by having the supine patient, with hips and knees flexed, extend the leg passively
﴿ Positive Brudzinski sign - positive when passive forward flexion of the neck causes the patient to involuntarily raise his knees or hips in flexion.
﴿ Seizure

Question 4

Prevention of Meningitis

Answer 4

Meningococcal conjugated vaccine - given at 11 to 12
years of age and booster dose at 16 years of age

Chemoprophylaxis using rifampin (Rifadin),
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro), or ceftriaxone
sodium (Rocephin) – start w/n 24hrs after exposure

Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae and S.
pneumonia – for children and adults who are at-risk
(CDC, 2016).

Question 5

Collection of infectious material within the tissue of the brain
Otogenic in origin
Result from intracranial surgery, penetrating head injury, or tongue piercing

Answer 5

Brain Abscess

Question 6

Clinical Manifestation of Brain Abscess

Answer 6

1. Headache
2. Fever
3. Vomiting
4. Focal neurologic deficits - weakness and decreasing vision
5. Increase ICP – decreasing LOC & seizure

Question 7

Causative agent of herpes simplex encephalitis

Answer 7

Herpes simplex virus

Question 8

Inflammation of the brain caused by Arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses by blood feeding arthropods (mosquitoes, psychodids, ceratopogonids, and ticks).

Answer 8

Arthropod-Borne Virus Encephalitis

Question 9

Who are at risk for fungal encephalitis?

Answer 9

coal miners, construction workers, and farmers.

Question 10

What causes fungal infections of the CNS?

Answer 10

Cryptococcus neoformans
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Aspergillus fumigatus
Candida, and
Coccidioides immitis

Question 11

Belong to a group of
degenerative, infectious
neurologic disorders called
transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies (TSE).

Answer 11

Creutzfeldt–Jakob and Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob Diseases

Question 12

an autoimmune disorder
affecting the myoneural
junction, is characterized by
varying degrees of weakness
of the voluntary muscles

Answer 12

Myasthenia Gravis (daw galoosen ang fats ng mukha)

Question 13

a life-threatening complication of myasthenia gravis
characterized by worsening of muscle weakness,
resulting in respiratory failure

Answer 13

Myasthenic Crisis

Question 14

also known as acute idiopathic polyneuritis, is an
autoimmune attack on the peripheral nerve

Answer 14

Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS)

Question 15

Tic Douloureux (painful twitch) of the facial muscles; Condition of the 5th cranial nerve characterized by paroxysms of pain in the area innervated by any of the CN VII

Answer 15

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Question 16

3 Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 16

Upper or 1st Branch (OPTHALMIC) - eye, eyebrow, forehead, & frontal portion of the scalp
Middle or 2nd Branch (MAXILLARY) - Upper lip, upper teeth, upper gum, upper cheek, lower eyelid & side of the nose
Lower or 3rd Branch (MANDIBULAR) - Lower lip, lower teeth, lower gum, & side of the tongue, front of the ear & side of the head