Chapter 17 Health Assessment Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

accessory muscles

A

scalene and sternomastoid muscles of the neck and shoulders

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2
Q

accommodation

A

test that engages a patient to look at a close object and then look at a distant object to see whether patient’s pupils constrict to focus on the close object and dilate to see the distant object

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3
Q

anterior posterior diameter

A

distance between the sternum and vertebral column, drawn as a straight line through the thorax

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4
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of serious fluid in the peritoneum

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5
Q

audiometer

A

device in hearing tests that uses headphones capable of transmitting sounds of different frequencies

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6
Q

auscultation

A

technique of listening to body sounds with stethoscope

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7
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

loud, high pitched sounds, with a hollow quality often compared to the sound of air blowing through a pipe

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8
Q

bruits

A

sounds heard with auscultation; due to turbulent blood flow, such as occurs in partially obstructed blood vessels, tight or floppy heart valves, or dialysis fistulas

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9
Q

capillary refill time

A

simple test of circulatory status that uses nailbeds

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10
Q

circulation, motion, sensation

A

areas evaluated when an acute problem with a limb is possible

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11
Q

clubbing

A

swelling in the nails that flattens the profile angle to 180 degrees or less

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12
Q

crepiust

A

grating feeling and pain that accompany problems with the temporal mandibular joint

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13
Q

cyanosis

A

grayish, blueish or purplish skin tone

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14
Q

diaphragmatic excursion

A

percussion of the posterior diaphragm and measurement of the difference between complete exhalation and full inhalation

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15
Q

edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissues

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16
Q

erythema

A

redness, usually from irritation or inflammation

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17
Q

expressive aphasia

A

communication disorder in which the patient understands and follows directions but cannot verbally and effectively communicate with the nurse

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18
Q

focused health assessment

A

assessment based on the patient’s problems; components include performing a general survey, taking vital signs, and assessing specific areas that related to the problem

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19
Q

gallops

A

auscultation of S3 and S4 heart sounds that is clearest at the apex when the patient is positioned on the left side

20
Q

general survey

A

apparent state of health, level of consciousness, and signs of distress in a patient

21
Q

glasgow coma scale

A

standardized assessment tool used when serial assessments are done for high risk patients (e.g. brain tumor, after brain surgery, after a cerebral vascular accident)

22
Q

health history

A

goal directed conversation between nurse and patient

23
Q

inspection

A

systematic visual examination of the patient

24
Q

jaundice

A

yellowish tone to the skin that is also observed in liver disease

25
kyphosis
thoracic abnormality that includes an exaggerated convex curve of the spine
26
lordosis
commonly known as "swayback" in which the lumbar region curves inward and the sacral region curves outward
27
murmur
vibrating sound that results from turbulent blood flow through the heart
28
nystagmus
involuntary, rhythmic oscillations of the eyes
29
objective data
observable, measurable information that can be validated or verified
30
ophthalmoscope
instrument for examining the interior of the eye
31
otoscope
instrument for examining the ear
32
pallor
skin color that may appear pale with hypoxia and anemia
33
palpation
use of the sense of touch to ascertain the size, shape, and configuration of underlying body structures
34
percussion
examination by tapping the body surface with the fingertips and evaluating the sounds obtained
35
point of maximal impulse
visible pulsation with ventricular contraction as the left side of the heart strikes the anterior chest wall
36
primary data
information that includes vital signs, height , and weight gathered directly from the patient during the initial stage of the assessment to obtain a general overview of the patient's status
37
receptive aphasia
disorder in which patients cannot understand simple directions
38
resonance
echoing of sound through passages
39
respiratory excursion
normal chest expansion during inspiration; usually symmetric, indicating equal expansion of both lungs
40
retraction
backward or inward movement of an organ or part
41
scoliosis
lateral curvature of a portion of the spine
42
secondary data
sources of data other than the patient, such as the chart
43
skin turgor
tension or rigidity of skin
44
stethoscope
device that collects and transmits sound, selects frequencies, and screens out extraneous sound
45
subjective data
symptoms or covert cue that include the patient's feelings and statements about hsi or her health problems
46
tactile fremitus
sensation felt by a hand placed on a part of the body (ex chest) that vibrates during speech
47
vesicular breath sounds
sounds described as soft and breezy, with inspiration markedly longer than expiration, normally heard over all areas of the lung except over or near the major airways