Chapter 17 - Free Energy & Thermodynamics Flashcards
process that occurs without ongoing outside intervention (such as the performance of work by an external force)
spontaneous process
a thermodynamic function that increases with the number of energetically equivalent ways to arrange the components of a system to achieve a particular state
entropy ( S )
for any spontaneous process, the entropy of the world (increases/decreases)
increases
In general, list the 4 circumstances in which enthalpy increases
- solid to liquid
- solid to gas
- liquid to gas
- increase in moles of a gas during a chemical reaction
the (higher/lower) the temperature, the lower the entropy change
higher
entropy, like enthalpy, is a _______ _______; its value depends only on the state of the system, not on how the system arrived at that state
state function
a chemical reaction proceeds in the direction that (increases/decreases) the entropy of the universe
increases
an exothermic process (increases/decreases) the entropy of the surroundings
increases
an endothermic process (increases/decreases) the entropy of the surroundings
decreases
the greater the temperature, the (smaller/larger) the increase in entropy for a given amount of energy dispersed into the surroundings
smaller
-units of entropy are Joules/ kelvin
gibbs free energy (G) is proportional to the (negative/positive) of entropy (S) of the universe
negative
a negative change in G is (spontaneous/non spontaneous)
spontaneous
a positive change in G is (spontaneous/non spontaneous)
non spontaneous
entropy increases with (increasing/decreasing) molar mass
increasing
entropy increases with (increasing/decreasing) molar complexity
increasing
