Chapter 17 Enlightment And American Revolution Flashcards

0
Q

Book written by Adam smith. Talks about how he’s against mercantilism which is government having control over business. He believes self interest is good in an economy

A

Wealth of nations

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1
Q

Adam smith used this to describe self-regular behavior in the market. Individuals can make profit by themselves without government help. Known as..

A

The invisible hand

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2
Q

Wrote wealth of nations. Goes against mercantilism and believes people have their own self interests and can profit without government help.

A

Adam smith

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3
Q

Used by Descartes meaning i think therefore I am. Meaning if you wonder if you exist then there’s proof you do.

A

Cogito ergo sum

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4
Q

Book written by Descartes. Similar to the term cogito ergo sum meaning I think therefore I am

A

Discourse on the method

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5
Q

Book written by bacon. Details of new system of logic by observing and collecting data to get an answer. This led to scientific method.

A

Novum organum

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6
Q

He believed people could be reasonable and have self interest. Had a contract where people enter and have inaliable rights. Born with them. Only lose them if you broke a law

A

John Locke

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7
Q

Thought there are 2 different types of government. It must fit it’s history and geography. 3 ones are republic, monarch, and despute. And believed government needs to check others to provide liberty.

A

Montesquieu

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8
Q

Believes there should be more public sharing not private property. He is blamed for promoting mob mentality. Tries to allow men as much freedom as possible with government

A

Rousseau

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9
Q

Believes you can’t trust people because there passions overpower reason and they lie. Thought people should enter contract not for rights but for order. Favors monarchy because you can’t trust people

A

Hobbes

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10
Q

Book written by Montesquieu about different types of government and separation of power.

A

Spirit of laws

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11
Q

Book by Hobbes about structure of society and government. Argues for social contract and an absolute sovereign so absolute monarchy to keep control to prevent war

A

Leviathan

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12
Q

Puts power in the hands of people. People are equal and invested with natural rights. If you break the law you can but you won’t have rights

A

Two treatise on civil court

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13
Q

Men with no civil law(government) high opinion of human nature, believed people could be reasonable and not be controlled by one person and reach out to each other

A

State of nature

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14
Q

Enter contract with the rights of life, liberty, and property that you are born with these and only lose them when you break the law

A

Inaliable rights

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15
Q

Giving yourself up to everyone so you can govern your own self and actions with everyone not just one person governing you. That means giving up property and sharing with everyone

A

General will

16
Q

Not 100% free but should be as free as possible. Your places where you can sell whatever you want without government bossing you around

A

Free markets

17
Q

Rules discoverable by reason, govern scientific forces like gravity and magnetism.

A

Natural law

18
Q

Moving away from religious thinking and thinking natural law can explain humanity

A

The enlightment

19
Q

Agreement by which you gave up freedom for an organized society.

A

Social contract

20
Q

Rights that belong to humans at birth

A

Natural laws

21
Q

Thinkers that believed use if reason could lead to reforms of gov, law and society.

A

Philosophes

22
Q

Philosophe who said what he thought. Targeted corrupt officials and battled inequality injustice and slave trade. Defended freedom of speech

A

Voltaire

23
Q

Wrote encyclopedia to change general way of thinking. Denounced slavery and praised freedom of expression and education for all.

A

Denis Diderot

24
Q

Allowing business to operate with little or no government

A

Laissez

25
Q

Restricting access to ideas and info

A

Censorship

26
Q

Informal social gatherings where ideas were exchanged

A

Salons

27
Q

These paintings were huge and colorful and glorified historic battles

A

Baroque

28
Q

Changed style to this which moved away from religion and was lighter and elegant.

A

Rococo

29
Q

Absolute rulers who used power to bring social change

A

Enlightened deposits

30
Q

Frederick II known as this. Wanted to revive torture. Wanted to make Prussian gov more efficient. Religious tolerance

A

Frederick the great

31
Q

Catherine II name. Believed in equality and liberty. Abolished torture and had religious freedom.

A

Catherine the great

32
Q

Maria’s son who traveled in disguise to learn about his subjects problems. Modernized Austrias gov.

A

Joseph II