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Anatomy & Physiology II > Chapter 17: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is made up of what two substances?

A

Plasma and formed elements

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2
Q

What are the two functions of blood?

A

transport materials and heat throughout the body

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3
Q

What does plasma look like?

A

Clear, straw-coloured

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4
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

Water and solutes

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5
Q

What is the most numerous blood cell?

A

Red blood cells

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6
Q

Red blood cells do not contain which structures?

A

Ribosomes, mitochondria, and other organelles typically of most body cells

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7
Q

Red blood cells play a critical role in transporting what two chemicals?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

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8
Q

Hemoglobin is made up of ____?

A

Four globin (protein) chains

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9
Q

Hemoglobin is able to unite with four oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin to allow ___?

A

Allows red blood cells to transport oxygen

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10
Q

Erythropoiesis:

A

Process of red blood cell formation

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11
Q

Where does red blood cell formation begin?

A

Red bone marrow

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12
Q

How does red blood cell formation begin?

A

Begins in the red bone marrow with hemopoietic stem cells that go through many stages of development to become red blood cells

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13
Q

When hemoglobin is broken down what is released?

A

Amino acids, iron, and bilirubin

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14
Q

What are plateletes?

A

Small pale bodies that look like irregular spindles or oval disks

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15
Q

What is the function of plateletes?

A

Play an important role in homeostasis and blood coagulation

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16
Q

How does platelete plug formation occur?

A

After and injury to a blood vessel wall plateletes adhere to the damaged lining and form a platelete plug

17
Q

What happens in Step 1 of clotting?

A

Plateletes clump and partially seal the hole

18
Q

What happens in Step 2 of clotting?

A

Proteins are produced to form long threads of fibrin

19
Q

What happens in Step 3 of clotting?

A

fibrin threads wind around the clump completing the seal

20
Q

What gives blood clots their red color?

A

Trapped red blood cells

21
Q

As the vessel wall is being repaired the clot is being ___?

A

Destroyed

22
Q

Blood types are based on?

A

The presence or absence of specific antigens on a person’s red blood cell (A,R,Rh)

23
Q

What happens if a mismatched transfusion?

A

The red blood cells with clump with can lead to organ damage and even death

24
Q

Rh positive blood mean?

A

The Rh antigen is present on the red blood cells

25
Q

Rh negative blood means

A

The Rh antigen is not present on the red blood cells

26
Q

____ is not a formed element in the body

A

Plasma

27
Q

____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

A

Hematocrit

28
Q

The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight and is responsible for red pigment is?

A

Hemoglobin

29
Q

Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as?

A

Adult stem cells

30
Q

A glycoprotein that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is?

A

Erythropoietin

31
Q

When neutrophils migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces is called?

A

Diapedesis

32
Q

A decrease in white blood cells is called?

A

Leukopenia

33
Q

Plateletes play an important role in?

A

Blood clotting

34
Q

The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell?

A

Transfusion reaction

35
Q

Components critical to coagulation are:

A

Fibrin, fibrinogen, thrombin, prothrombin

36
Q

_____ is a natural constituent of blood and acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in the vessels is ?

A

Heparin

37
Q

Physiological mechanism that dissolves clots i known as?

A

fibrinolysis

Anatomy & Physiology II (2 decks)

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