Chapter 17: Blood Flashcards
Blood is made up of what two substances?
Plasma and formed elements
What are the two functions of blood?
transport materials and heat throughout the body
What does plasma look like?
Clear, straw-coloured
What is plasma made of?
Water and solutes
What is the most numerous blood cell?
Red blood cells
Red blood cells do not contain which structures?
Ribosomes, mitochondria, and other organelles typically of most body cells
Red blood cells play a critical role in transporting what two chemicals?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin is made up of ____?
Four globin (protein) chains
Hemoglobin is able to unite with four oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin to allow ___?
Allows red blood cells to transport oxygen
Erythropoiesis:
Process of red blood cell formation
Where does red blood cell formation begin?
Red bone marrow
How does red blood cell formation begin?
Begins in the red bone marrow with hemopoietic stem cells that go through many stages of development to become red blood cells
When hemoglobin is broken down what is released?
Amino acids, iron, and bilirubin
What are plateletes?
Small pale bodies that look like irregular spindles or oval disks
What is the function of plateletes?
Play an important role in homeostasis and blood coagulation
How does platelete plug formation occur?
After and injury to a blood vessel wall plateletes adhere to the damaged lining and form a platelete plug
What happens in Step 1 of clotting?
Plateletes clump and partially seal the hole
What happens in Step 2 of clotting?
Proteins are produced to form long threads of fibrin
What happens in Step 3 of clotting?
fibrin threads wind around the clump completing the seal
What gives blood clots their red color?
Trapped red blood cells
As the vessel wall is being repaired the clot is being ___?
Destroyed
Blood types are based on?
The presence or absence of specific antigens on a person’s red blood cell (A,R,Rh)
What happens if a mismatched transfusion?
The red blood cells with clump with can lead to organ damage and even death
Rh positive blood mean?
The Rh antigen is present on the red blood cells
Rh negative blood means
The Rh antigen is not present on the red blood cells
____ is not a formed element in the body
Plasma
____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood
Hematocrit
The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight and is responsible for red pigment is?
Hemoglobin
Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as?
Adult stem cells
A glycoprotein that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is?
Erythropoietin
When neutrophils migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces is called?
Diapedesis
A decrease in white blood cells is called?
Leukopenia
Plateletes play an important role in?
Blood clotting
The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell?
Transfusion reaction
Components critical to coagulation are:
Fibrin, fibrinogen, thrombin, prothrombin
_____ is a natural constituent of blood and acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in the vessels is ?
Heparin
Physiological mechanism that dissolves clots i known as?
fibrinolysis
