Chapter 17: Blood

Question 1

Blood is made up of what two substances?

Answer 1

Plasma and formed elements

Question 2

What are the two functions of blood?

Answer 2

transport materials and heat throughout the body

Question 3

What does plasma look like?

Answer 3

Clear, straw-coloured

Question 4

What is plasma made of?

Answer 4

Water and solutes

Question 5

What is the most numerous blood cell?

Answer 5

Red blood cells

Question 6

Red blood cells do not contain which structures?

Answer 6

Ribosomes, mitochondria, and other organelles typically of most body cells

Question 7

Red blood cells play a critical role in transporting what two chemicals?

Answer 7

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 8

Hemoglobin is made up of ____?

Answer 8

Four globin (protein) chains

Question 9

Hemoglobin is able to unite with four oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin to allow ___?

Answer 9

Allows red blood cells to transport oxygen

Question 10

Erythropoiesis:

Answer 10

Process of red blood cell formation

Question 11

Where does red blood cell formation begin?

Answer 11

Red bone marrow

Question 12

How does red blood cell formation begin?

Answer 12

Begins in the red bone marrow with hemopoietic stem cells that go through many stages of development to become red blood cells

Question 13

When hemoglobin is broken down what is released?

Answer 13

Amino acids, iron, and bilirubin

Question 14

What are plateletes?

Answer 14

Small pale bodies that look like irregular spindles or oval disks

Question 15

What is the function of plateletes?

Answer 15

Play an important role in homeostasis and blood coagulation

Question 16

How does platelete plug formation occur?

Answer 16

After and injury to a blood vessel wall plateletes adhere to the damaged lining and form a platelete plug

Question 17

What happens in Step 1 of clotting?

Answer 17

Plateletes clump and partially seal the hole

Question 18

What happens in Step 2 of clotting?

Answer 18

Proteins are produced to form long threads of fibrin

Question 19

What happens in Step 3 of clotting?

Answer 19

fibrin threads wind around the clump completing the seal

Question 20

What gives blood clots their red color?

Answer 20

Trapped red blood cells

Question 21

As the vessel wall is being repaired the clot is being ___?

Answer 21

Destroyed

Question 22

Blood types are based on?

Answer 22

The presence or absence of specific antigens on a person’s red blood cell (A,R,Rh)

Question 23

What happens if a mismatched transfusion?

Answer 23

The red blood cells with clump with can lead to organ damage and even death

Question 24

Rh positive blood mean?

Answer 24

The Rh antigen is present on the red blood cells

Question 25

Rh negative blood means

Answer 25

The Rh antigen is not present on the red blood cells

Question 26

____ is not a formed element in the body

Answer 26

Plasma

Question 27

____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood

Answer 27

Hematocrit

Question 28

The molecule that makes up 95% of the dry weight and is responsible for red pigment is?

Answer 28

Hemoglobin

Question 29

Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as?

Answer 29

Adult stem cells

Question 30

A glycoprotein that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is?

Answer 30

Erythropoietin

Question 31

When neutrophils migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces is called?

Answer 31

Diapedesis

Question 32

A decrease in white blood cells is called?

Answer 32

Leukopenia

Question 33

Plateletes play an important role in?

Answer 33

Blood clotting

Question 34

The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell?

Answer 34

Transfusion reaction

Question 35

Components critical to coagulation are:

Answer 35

Fibrin, fibrinogen, thrombin, prothrombin

Question 36

_____ is a natural constituent of blood and acts as an antithrombin and prevents clots from forming in the vessels is ?

Answer 36

Heparin

Question 37

Physiological mechanism that dissolves clots i known as?

Answer 37

fibrinolysis