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Kin 226 > Chapter 17 : Acute Exercise & Response > Flashcards

Chapter 17 : Acute Exercise & Response Flashcards

1
Q

by product of anaerobic metabolism

A

lactic acid

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2
Q

exercise =

A

loss of blood plasma

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3
Q

Hct made up of

A

RBCs, WBCs, Platlets

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4
Q

our cardiac output at rest values __________

A

vary , depending upon emotional state and size

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5
Q

formular for cardiac output?

A

Q=SVxHR

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6
Q

at rest, regardless of training state, average male = ______ and average female = ______

A

male = 5L min-1
female = 4L min-1

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7
Q

FICK method

A

Q=VO2 / a-vo2 diff

all times by 100%

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8
Q

CV responses to aerobic exercise depends on what ?

A

intensity and duration of exercise

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9
Q

when we exercise and our intensity increases, what also increases?

A

Cardiac Output (Q), Heart Rate (HR), Stroke (SV) or both

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10
Q

Steady State Exercise

A

when energy expenditure for exercise is balanced with the energy required (PLATEAU)

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11
Q

Our exercise intensity is our

A

oxygen uptake, % VO2 max, % max HR (200-age)

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12
Q

what is the most important factor for increasing oxygen consumption during exercise?

A

cardiac output

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13
Q

what kind of a person can reach a much higher max Q?

A

trained individual

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14
Q

MAX HR

A

200-age

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15
Q

when we begin to exercise, what happens?

A

anticipatory response

release of norepinephrine (catecholamine) – due to the anticipation of exercise

therefore, our sympathetic nervous system ramps up

and our parasympathetic nervous system withdrawals due to anticipation of exercise and our vagal tone decreases as our HR increases

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16
Q

lower HR at a given sub max indicates what

A

better fitness

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17
Q

what happens to fit people’s HR when exercising?

A

left ventricle ejects more blood (increased SV) which leads to a decrease in HR

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18
Q

resting SV of an average person is

A

60-80 ml

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19
Q

Q at rest is

A

4L being female
5L being male

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20
Q

So, if Q is no diff between trained and untrained at rest, but trained individuals have a lower Resting Heart Rate, what does that say about their SV

A

higher SV b/c more blood ejected per contraction therefore our heart rate decreases

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21
Q

Stroke Volume is influenced by?

A

Preload – how much stretch LV and pressure induced by stretch b/c filled w more blood

Contractility – response to stretch (force)

Afterload – resistance to ventricular empything

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22
Q

Jelly Donut

A

Preload – how full/stretched
Force – how much force
Afterload – how much resistance

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23
Q

Frank Starling Mechanism

A

relationship between contractile force and resting length of myocardial fibres

24
Q

_____ contractile force = ________ ejection fraction

A

increased
increased

25
Q

why would SV plateau?

A

left ventricle can only hold some much blood and if you can only hold so much blood, you can only eject so much

26
Q

How is preload, contractility and afterload influenced by exercise?

A

preload – venous return

contractility – sympathetic nervous system engages

afterload – decrease afterload during exercise due to vasodilation

27
Q

untrained cardiac output =

A

Q = 22L
HR = 195
SV = 113 ml

28
Q

trained cardiac output =

A

Q = 35 L
HR = 195
SV = 179 ml

29
Q

increased Q results in

A

increased SBP

30
Q

Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: CNS

A

increases

31
Q

Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Heart

A

increases

32
Q

Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Muscles

A

increases

33
Q

Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Skin

A

increases / stays same

34
Q

Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Kidney

A

decreases

35
Q

Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Spleen

A

decreases

36
Q

Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Liver

A

decreases

37
Q

Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: G.I Tract

A

decreases

38
Q

what happens to Blood pH with exercise

A

it decreases

39
Q

blood plasma is ___ water

A

90%

40
Q

fluid shifts and sweating =

A

increased hemoconcentration

41
Q

what is plateau telling us

A

steady state is chosen (speed/weight) and maintained

42
Q

what in exercise increases HR?

A

sympathetic nervous system

43
Q

TPR Equation

A

TPR = MAP / Q

44
Q

changes in plasma volume during moderate exercise ________

A

decreases and is greatest in first 5 min

fluid shifts

blood volume reduced due to water loss (sweating)

45
Q

Cardiovascular Drift

A

an increase in HR w/out an increase in exercise intensity

46
Q

Cardiovascular Drift results in

A

dehydration

reduction in SV

47
Q

steady state exercise

A

picking intensity and staying with it

48
Q

why does cardiovascular drift happen

A

intensity/workload is not changing

49
Q

what is decreasing SV during exercise?

A

losing water and blood volume decreasing

50
Q

upper body exercise =

A

lower stroke volume and higher heart rate due to sympathetic input and lower venous return

51
Q

females have a higher ____ and lower _____ than males

A

HR
SV

(we have smaller heart and oxygen carrying capacity b/c men have more RBCs)

52
Q

in children, ____ is lower and _____ is higher

A

SV
HR

53
Q

in elderly, _____ is lower and ______ is higher and ___ is lower

A

SV
HR
Q

54
Q

during high intensity exercise, SV will _____________

A

decrease

55
Q

the anticipatory increase in HR before exercise is due to

A

parasympathetic withdrawal and release of catecholamines

56
Q

percentage differences in men and women

A

absolute = 40-60%

relative to body wt = 20-30

relative to ffm = 0-15%

Kin 226 (3 decks)

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