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Kin 226 > Chapter 17 : Acute Exercise & Response > Flashcards

Chapter 17 : Acute Exercise & Response Flashcards

1
Q

by product of anaerobic metabolism

A

lactic acid

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2
Q

exercise =

A

loss of blood plasma

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3
Q

Hct made up of

A

RBCs, WBCs, Platlets

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4
Q

our cardiac output at rest values __________

A

vary , depending upon emotional state and size

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5
Q

formular for cardiac output?

A

Q=SVxHR

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6
Q

at rest, regardless of training state, average male = ______ and average female = ______

A

male = 5L min-1
female = 4L min-1

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7
Q

FICK method

A

Q=VO2 / a-vo2 diff

all times by 100%

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8
Q

CV responses to aerobic exercise depends on what ?

A

intensity and duration of exercise

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9
Q

when we exercise and our intensity increases, what also increases?

A

Cardiac Output (Q), Heart Rate (HR), Stroke (SV) or both

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10
Q

Steady State Exercise

A

when energy expenditure for exercise is balanced with the energy required (PLATEAU)

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11
Q

Our exercise intensity is our

A

oxygen uptake, % VO2 max, % max HR (200-age)

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12
Q

what is the most important factor for increasing oxygen consumption during exercise?

A

cardiac output

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13
Q

what kind of a person can reach a much higher max Q?

A

trained individual

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14
Q

MAX HR

A

200-age

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15
Q

when we begin to exercise, what happens?

A

anticipatory response

release of norepinephrine (catecholamine) – due to the anticipation of exercise

therefore, our sympathetic nervous system ramps up

and our parasympathetic nervous system withdrawals due to anticipation of exercise and our vagal tone decreases as our HR increases

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16
Q

lower HR at a given sub max indicates what

A

better fitness

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17
Q

what happens to fit people’s HR when exercising?

A

left ventricle ejects more blood (increased SV) which leads to a decrease in HR

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18
Q

resting SV of an average person is

A

60-80 ml

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19
Q

Q at rest is

A

4L being female
5L being male

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20
Q

So, if Q is no diff between trained and untrained at rest, but trained individuals have a lower Resting Heart Rate, what does that say about their SV

A

higher SV b/c more blood ejected per contraction therefore our heart rate decreases

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21
Q

Stroke Volume is influenced by?

A

Preload – how much stretch LV and pressure induced by stretch b/c filled w more blood

Contractility – response to stretch (force)

Afterload – resistance to ventricular empything

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22
Q

Jelly Donut

A

Preload – how full/stretched
Force – how much force
Afterload – how much resistance

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23
Q

Frank Starling Mechanism

A

relationship between contractile force and resting length of myocardial fibres

24
Q

_____ contractile force = ________ ejection fraction

A

increased
increased

25
why would SV plateau?
left ventricle can only hold some much blood and if you can only hold so much blood, you can only eject so much
26
How is preload, contractility and afterload influenced by exercise?
preload -- venous return contractility -- sympathetic nervous system engages afterload -- decrease afterload during exercise due to vasodilation
27
untrained cardiac output =
Q = 22L HR = 195 SV = 113 ml
28
trained cardiac output =
Q = 35 L HR = 195 SV = 179 ml
29
increased Q results in
increased SBP
30
Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: CNS
increases
31
Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Heart
increases
32
Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Muscles
increases
33
Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Skin
increases / stays same
34
Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Kidney
decreases
35
Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Spleen
decreases
36
Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: Liver
decreases
37
Blood Flow Distribution: Increases, Decreases or Stays the Same: G.I Tract
decreases
38
what happens to Blood pH with exercise
it decreases
39
blood plasma is ___ water
90%
40
fluid shifts and sweating =
increased hemoconcentration
41
what is plateau telling us
steady state is chosen (speed/weight) and maintained
42
what in exercise increases HR?
sympathetic nervous system
43
TPR Equation
TPR = MAP / Q
44
changes in plasma volume during moderate exercise ________
decreases and is greatest in first 5 min fluid shifts blood volume reduced due to water loss (sweating)
45
Cardiovascular Drift
an increase in HR w/out an increase in exercise intensity
46
Cardiovascular Drift results in
dehydration reduction in SV
47
steady state exercise
picking intensity and staying with it
48
why does cardiovascular drift happen
intensity/workload is not changing
49
what is decreasing SV during exercise?
losing water and blood volume decreasing
50
upper body exercise =
lower stroke volume and higher heart rate due to sympathetic input and lower venous return
51
females have a higher ____ and lower _____ than males
HR SV (we have smaller heart and oxygen carrying capacity b/c men have more RBCs)
52
in children, ____ is lower and _____ is higher
SV HR
53
in elderly, _____ is lower and ______ is higher and ___ is lower
SV HR Q
54
during high intensity exercise, SV will _____________
decrease
55
the anticipatory increase in HR before exercise is due to
parasympathetic withdrawal and release of catecholamines
56
percentage differences in men and women
absolute = 40-60% relative to body wt = 20-30 relative to ffm = 0-15%

Kin 226 (3 decks)

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