Chapter 17 Flashcards by Angelise Hicks

Endocrine glands ________.
A. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs
B. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
C. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
D. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

A. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs

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Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. autocrine
B. paracrine
C. endocrine
D. neuron

B. paracrine

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A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. melatonin
B. thyroid hormone
C. growth hormone
D. insulin

B. thyroid hormone

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A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?
A. humoral
B. hormonal
C. neural
D. positive feedback

C. neural

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The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. blood vessels
B. nerve axons
C. cartilage
D. bone

B. nerve axons

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Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?
A. ADH
B. oxytocin
C. TSH
D. cortisol

TSH

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How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 6

A. 0

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Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?
A. adrenocorticotropic hormone
B. antidiuretic hormone
C. luteinizing hormone
D. all of the above

A. adrenocorticotropic hormone

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Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true?
A.It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx.
B. The parathyroid glands are embedded within it.
C. It manufactures three hormones.
D. all of the above

D. all of the above

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The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________.
A. TSH from the hypothalamus
B. TSH from the anterior pituitary
C. thyroxine from the anterior pituitary
D. thyroglobulin from the thyroid’s parafollicular cells

B. TSH from the anterior pituitary

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The development of a goiter indicates that ________.
A. the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged
B. there is hypertrophy of the thyroid’s follicle cells
C. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles
D. the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone

C. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

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Iodide ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. simple diffusion
B. facilitated diffusion
C. active transport
D. osmosis

C. active transport

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When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________.
A. urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys
B. a reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines
C. the activity of osteoblasts
D. the activity of osteoclasts

C. the activity of osteoblasts

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Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism?
A. increased bone deposition
B. fractures
C. convulsions
D. all of the above

B. fractures

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The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ?
A. thyroid
B. liver
C. kidneys
D. hypothalamus

C. kidneys

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What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla?
A. chromaffin cells
B. neuroglial cells
C. follicle cells
D. oxyphil cells

A. chromaffin cells

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Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. abnormally low levels of cortisol
B. abnormally high levels of cortisol
C. abnormally low levels of aldosterone
D. abnormally high levels of aldosterone

D. abnormally high levels of aldosterone

Which of the following responses s not part of the fight-or-flight response?
A. pupil dilation
B. increased oxygen supply to the lungs
C. suppressed digestion
D. reduced mental activity

D. reduced mental activity

What cells secrete melatonin?
A. melanocytes
B. pinealocytes
C. suprachiasmatic nucleus cells
D. retinal cells

B. pinealocytes

The production of melatonin is inhibited by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. declining levels of light
B. exposure to bright light
C. the secretion of serotonin
D. the activity of pinealocytes

B. exposure to bright light

The gonads produce what class of hormones?
A. amine hormones
B. peptide hormones
C. steroid hormones
D. catecholamines

C. steroid hormones

The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone?
A. estrogens
B. progesterone
C. relaxin
D. inhibin

D. inhibin

The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. prepare the breasts for lactation
B. nourish the placenta
C. regulate the menstrual cycle
D. all of the above

A. prepare the breasts for lactation

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?
A. somatostatin
B. pancreatic polypeptide
C. insulin
D. glucagon

D. glucagon

Which of the following statements about insulin is true? A. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. B. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. C. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. D. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.

B. insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane

``` The walls of the atria produce which hormone? A. cholecystokinin B. atrial natriuretic peptide C. renin D. calcitriol ```

B. atrial natriuretic peptide

``` The end result of the RAAS is to ________. A. reduce blood volume B. increase blood glucose C. reduce blood pressure D. increase blood pressure ```

D. increase blood pressure

``` Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their ________. A. blood calcium levels B. secretion of growth hormone C. blood oxygen levels D. muscle mass ```

C. blood oxygen levels

Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ________. A. development of T cells B. preparation of the body for childbirth C. regulation of appetite D. release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

A. development of T cells

``` The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer? A. oral ectoderm B. neural ectoderm C. mesoderm D. endoderm ```

A. oral ectoderm

``` In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes ________. A. increased tolerance for cold B. decreased basal metabolic rate C. decreased body fat D. osteoporosis ```

B. decreased basal metabolic rate

Which of the following is a pituitary hormone? a. Calcitonin b. Oxytocin c. Melatonin d. Cortisol

b. Oxytocin

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? a. The hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor. b. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated. c. Excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced. d. The phosphorylation cascade will be initiated

b. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated

Which of the following is a thyroid hormone? a. Melatonin b. Oxytocin c. Calcitonin d. cortisol

c. Calcitonin

Which of the following is a adrenal hormone? a. Calcitonin b. Cortisol c. Melatonin d. oxytocin

b. Cortisol

After consuming a banana split, which hormones would be expected to increase? A) Prolactin B) Glucagon C) Insulin D) Parathyroid Hormone

C) Insulin

``` Which of the following hormones would bind to receptors located on the inside of a cell? A) Testosterone B) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone C) Prolactin D) Growth Hormone ```

A) Testosterone

Which of the following accurately describes thyroid hormone? A) Released from the anterior pituitary B) Binds to receptors on the outside of the cell C) Derived from cholesterol D) Binds to receptors on the inside of the cell

A) Released from the anterior pituitary

``` After having a double-bacon cheeseburger with a milkshake, which of the following hormones would NOT be expected to increase? A) Secretin B) Insulin C) Cholecystokinin D) Glucagon ```

D) Glucagon

``` Which of the following hormones would be expected to increase if you were studying all day for a test and skipped breakfast and lunch? A) Glucagon B) Growth Hormone C) Insulin D) Calcitonin ```

A) Glucagon