Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

A solution that will dissolve no more solute

A

Saturated solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A solution that will dissolve more solute

A

Unsaturated solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A solution with more solute dissolved than is stable. Eventually precipitate out to the saturated solution

A

Supersaturated solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When the dynamic rate of dissolution and crystallization are equal

A

Solubility equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the gas solubility trends?

A

Gas solubility drops with increasing temperature. Added energy force gases back into the vapor phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Light will light in salts (free mobile ions) dissolved in solution

A

Electrical conductivity in solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ability to conduct an electric current

A

Conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fully splits into many ions; good conductor, strong acids, soluble salts

A

Strong electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Partially splits into some ions; moderate conductor, weak acids, low soluble salts

A

Weak electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Doesn’t conduct a current (few/no ions), covalent molecules, insoluble materials

A

Nonelectrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Results from a hydrogen ion attaching to water

A

Hydronium ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The freezing point of a solution is always lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent, in proportion not the molality of particles

A

Freezing point depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The boiling point of a solution is always lower than the boiling point of the pure solvent, in proportion to the molality of particles

A

Boiling point elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The vapor pressure of a non volatile solute is always lower than that of the pure solvent

A

Vapor pressure (3 principles of water conduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Concentrates at the interface between polar and non-polar compounds

A

Surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Synthetic molecule with one end polar, the other end non-polar

A

Detergent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A natural product that is surfactant

A

Soap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Colloidal suspension of particles in a liquid in which they would not normally be soluble

A

Emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Water containing Ca, Fe, Mg

  • creates soap, scum, residues on hair, tub, sink
  • precipitates out carbonates in piping, water spots, etc.
A

Hard water

20
Q

No scums, now biodegradable, used in oil recovery, weiner

A

Synthetic detergents

21
Q

Homogenous mixture of substances

22
Q

Mixture when particles settle to the bottom of the container

A

Suspension

23
Q

Consists of 2 or more substances; not uniform

A

Heterogenous

24
Q

Solution that is uniform throughout

A

Homogenous

25
Substance in a solution present in the greatest amount
Solvent
26
Substance in a solution present in the least amount
Solute
27
Metal made by combining two or more metals
Alloy
28
Size of the particle is between 1x10^3 and 1x10^6
Colloid
29
To gradually pour liquid from one container to another without disturbing the sediment
Decant
30
Scattering of light by particles
Tyndall effect
31
A machine with a rapid rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents to separate different fluids
Centrifuge
32
To separate solid particulates from fluids
Filtration
33
The separation of complex mixtures hat rely on differential affinities of the substances for a mobile solvent and stationary medium though which they pass
Chromatography
34
Substance that shows different affinities for different components in a mixture
Mobile phase
35
A region where it's a solid
Solid phase
36
Evaporation and subsequent collection of a liquid by condensations a mean of purification
Distillation
37
A liquid lower than the freezing point
Antifreeze
38
Maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature
Solubility
39
Something that's not ionic
Nonpolar
40
Where lectrons forming a bond are unequal
Polar
41
An absorbed acid, water soluble, protects cells, makes collagen
Vitamin C
42
Fat soluble, important for growth, important for development
Vitamin A
43
Liquids that have the ability to dissolve in each other
Miscible
44
Liquids that don't have the ability to dissolve in each other
Immiscible
45
Ionic compounds separate or split into smaller particles, ions, or radicals
Dissociation
46
Process of water molecules attaching to ions
Hydration
47
What are the 5 principles of the dissolving process?
1. Like dissolves like 2. Greater surface speeds the dissolving process 3. Solubility of solids increase with temperature 4. enthalpy and entropy affect solubility of salts 5. Gas solubility depends on pressure and temperature