Chapter 17

Question 1

A solution that will dissolve no more solute

Answer 1

Saturated solution

Question 2

A solution that will dissolve more solute

Answer 2

Unsaturated solution

Question 3

A solution with more solute dissolved than is stable. Eventually precipitate out to the saturated solution

Answer 3

Supersaturated solution

Question 4

When the dynamic rate of dissolution and crystallization are equal

Answer 4

Solubility equilibrium

Question 5

What are the gas solubility trends?

Answer 5

Gas solubility drops with increasing temperature. Added energy force gases back into the vapor phase

Question 6

Light will light in salts (free mobile ions) dissolved in solution

Answer 6

Electrical conductivity in solutions

Question 7

Ability to conduct an electric current

Answer 7

Conductivity

Question 8

Fully splits into many ions; good conductor, strong acids, soluble salts

Answer 8

Strong electrolyte

Question 9

Partially splits into some ions; moderate conductor, weak acids, low soluble salts

Answer 9

Weak electrolyte

Question 10

Doesn’t conduct a current (few/no ions), covalent molecules, insoluble materials

Answer 10

Nonelectrolyte

Question 11

Results from a hydrogen ion attaching to water

Answer 11

Hydronium ion

Question 12

The freezing point of a solution is always lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent, in proportion not the molality of particles

Answer 12

Freezing point depression

Question 13

The boiling point of a solution is always lower than the boiling point of the pure solvent, in proportion to the molality of particles

Answer 13

Boiling point elevation

Question 14

The vapor pressure of a non volatile solute is always lower than that of the pure solvent

Answer 14

Vapor pressure (3 principles of water conduction)

Question 15

Concentrates at the interface between polar and non-polar compounds

Answer 15

Surfactant

Question 16

Synthetic molecule with one end polar, the other end non-polar

Answer 16

Detergent

Question 17

A natural product that is surfactant

Answer 17

Soap

Question 18

Colloidal suspension of particles in a liquid in which they would not normally be soluble

Answer 18

Emulsion

Question 19

Water containing Ca, Fe, Mg

• creates soap, scum, residues on hair, tub, sink
• precipitates out carbonates in piping, water spots, etc.

Answer 19

Hard water

Question 20

No scums, now biodegradable, used in oil recovery, weiner

Answer 20

Synthetic detergents

Question 21

Homogenous mixture of substances

Answer 21

Solution

Question 22

Mixture when particles settle to the bottom of the container

Answer 22

Suspension

Question 23

Consists of 2 or more substances; not uniform

Answer 23

Heterogenous

Question 24

Solution that is uniform throughout

Answer 24

Homogenous

Question 25

Substance in a solution present in the greatest amount

Answer 25

Solvent

Question 26

Substance in a solution present in the least amount

Answer 26

Solute

Question 27

Metal made by combining two or more metals

Answer 27

Alloy

Question 28

Size of the particle is between 1x10^3 and 1x10^6

Answer 28

Colloid

Question 29

To gradually pour liquid from one container to another without disturbing the sediment

Answer 29

Decant

Question 30

Scattering of light by particles

Answer 30

Tyndall effect

Question 31

A machine with a rapid rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents to separate different fluids

Answer 31

Centrifuge

Question 32

To separate solid particulates from fluids

Answer 32

Filtration

Question 33

The separation of complex mixtures hat rely on differential affinities of the substances for a mobile solvent and stationary medium though which they pass

Answer 33

Chromatography

Question 34

Substance that shows different affinities for different components in a mixture

Answer 34

Mobile phase

Question 35

A region where it's a solid

Answer 35

Solid phase

Question 36

Evaporation and subsequent collection of a liquid by condensations a mean of purification

Answer 36

Distillation

Question 37

A liquid lower than the freezing point

Answer 37

Antifreeze

Question 38

Maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature

Answer 38

Solubility

Question 39

Something that's not ionic

Answer 39

Nonpolar

Question 40

Where lectrons forming a bond are unequal

Answer 40

Polar

Question 41

An absorbed acid, water soluble, protects cells, makes collagen

Answer 41

Vitamin C

Question 42

Fat soluble, important for growth, important for development

Answer 42

Vitamin A

Question 43

Liquids that have the ability to dissolve in each other

Answer 43

Miscible

Question 44

Liquids that don't have the ability to dissolve in each other

Answer 44

Immiscible

Question 45

Ionic compounds separate or split into smaller particles, ions, or radicals

Answer 45

Dissociation

Question 46

Process of water molecules attaching to ions

Answer 46

Hydration

Question 47

What are the 5 principles of the dissolving process?

Answer 47

1. Like dissolves like 2. Greater surface speeds the dissolving process 3. Solubility of solids increase with temperature 4. enthalpy and entropy affect solubility of salts 5. Gas solubility depends on pressure and temperature