Chapter 17

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

Individuals of the same species in the same area

Question 2

Gene pool

Answer 2

All genes found in one population

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

Different forms of the same gene

Question 4

Dimorphism

Answer 4

2 different forms of the same species

Question 5

Poly morphism

Answer 5

The existence of 2 or more forms of individuals within the same animal species

Question 6

Mutations

Answer 6

Are the source of new alleles that give rise to differences in details of shared traits

Question 7

Lethal mutations

Answer 7

Usually result in death

Question 8

Neutral mutations

Answer 8

Have no effect on survival or reproduction

Question 9

Beneficial mutations

Answer 9

Coney an advantage

Question 10

Allele frequencies

Answer 10

Relative abundance of alleles in a given gene in a population

Question 11

Genetic equilibrium

Answer 11

A theoretical state which occurs when a population is not evolving

Question 12

Micro evolution

Answer 12

Small scale changes in a populations allele frequencies

Question 13

4 types of micro evolution

Answer 13

Mutations
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Gene flow

Question 14

Stabilizing selection

Answer 14

Natural selection that favors an intermediate phenotype and elmininates extreme forms

Question 15

Disruptive selection

Answer 15

Natural selection that favors extreme forms of a trait and eliminates the intermediate form

Question 16

Sexual selection

Answer 16

Some version of a trait that gives an individual an advantage over others in attracting mates

Question 17

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 17

Distinct male and female phenotypes

Question 18

Balanced polymorphism

Answer 18

A state in which natural selection maintains 2 or more alleles at relatively high frequencies

Question 19

Genetic drift

Answer 19

A random change in allele frequencies over time

Question 20

Fixation

Answer 20

Has occurred when all individuals in a population are homozygous for one alleles

Question 21

Bottleneck

Answer 21

A drastic reduction in population size brought about severe pressure like massive disease

Question 22

Founder effect

Answer 22

Genetic drift is pronounced when a few individuals start a new population

Question 23

Inbreeding

Answer 23

Breeding or mating between close relatives who share a large number of alleles

Question 24

Gene flow

Answer 24

Physical movement of allele caused by individuals moving into and away from populations

Question 25

Speciation

Answer 25

Evolutionary process by which new species form

Question 26

Reproductive isolation

Answer 26

The end of gene exchange between populations

Question 27

Temporal isolation

Answer 27

Genetic isolation due to temporal differences in breeding

Question 28

Mechanical isolation

Answer 28

Incompatibility in structure of the male and female sex organs

Question 29

Behavioral isolation

Answer 29

Potential mates meet but choose members of their own species

Question 30

Ecological isolation

Answer 30

Breeding species separated by place

Question 31

Gamete incompatibility

Answer 31

The male and female gametes unite but do not form viable offspring

Question 32

Allopatric speciation

Answer 32

A physical barrier arises and ends gene flow between populations

Question 33

Sympatric speciation

Answer 33

New species form within a home range of an existing species in the absence of a physical barrier

Question 34

Polyploidy

Answer 34

A change in chromosome number

Question 35

Parapatric speciation

Answer 35

Populations in contact along a common border evolve into distinct species

Question 36

Macro evolution

Answer 36

Large scale patterns of evolutionary change

Question 37

Convolution

Answer 37

2 species in close ecological contact act as agents of selection on each other

Question 38

Stasis

Answer 38

A lineage exists for millions of years with little or no change

Question 39

Exaptation

Answer 39

Some complexly traits in modern species held different adaptive value in ancestral lineages

Question 40

Adaptive radiation

Answer 40

A burst of speciation that occurs when a lineage encounters a new set of niches

Question 41

Key innovation

Answer 41

A structural or functional adaptation that allows individuals to exploit their habitat in a new way