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Dental Anatomy Exam 4 Chapter 17 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Connectice tissue

A

Implies that tissue connects parts of the body together, a

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2
Q

Where does the various types of connective tissue originate

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

General connective tissue

A

Compromised of cells, fibers, ground substance, and extracellular fluid
Subdivided into irregular connective tissue and regular tissue

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4
Q

Ground substance

A

fluidlike material

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5
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

filtrate of blood plasma

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6
Q

Irregular connective tissue

A

Epithelium has no blood vessels

Named because its fibers run in all directions

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7
Q

Fibroblast

A

one of the cells that sprouts or forms fibers (collagen fibers)

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8
Q

These attach the tooth to its socket

A

Collagen fibers

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9
Q

Tissue lymphocyte

A

Cells present in the connective tissue that produce antibodies to fight off or resist certain microorganisms or foreign substances

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10
Q

B-lymphocyte

A

orginates from bone marrow and then passes to many lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, etc

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11
Q

T-lymphocyte

A

originates from bone marrow but then migrates to the thymus gland

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12
Q

Macrophage

A

acts as scavengers and devour dying cells and microorganisms

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13
Q

Fat cells (adipocyte)

A

producing adipose tissue (fat cells)

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14
Q

Regular connective tissue

A

The collagen fibers run parallel with one another with fibroblasts squeezed between them
Found as tendons and ligaments

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15
Q

Tendons attatch

A

Muscle to bone

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16
Q

Ligaments attach

A

Bone to bone

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17
Q

Special connective tissues

A

cartilage
bone
blood

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18
Q

Cartilage

A

A noncalcified supporting component of the body

Composed of chondroblasts or chrondrocytes

19
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and hyaline cartilage

20
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Functions as a cushioning substance

Found in intervertebral discs between vertebrae of the spinal column, and the TMJ

21
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Found in the firm but flexible part of the ear as well as the epiglottis over the larynx and septum of the nose

22
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Firmer and can be seen in the larynx, trachea, and certain parts of bones

23
Q

How many ways does cartilage grow

A

2 (appositional and interstital)

24
Q

Appositional growth

A

Grows by adding to its surface

25
Q

Interstitial growth

A

chondrocytes found inside the cartilage undergo cell division and enlargement and cause growth from within
Without this it would not be possible for long bones of the body to grow in length

26
Q

Bone

A

Osteoblasts or osteocytes

27
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

Microscopic crystals in bone

28
Q

Intramembraneous bone formation

A

Bone forms in regular connective tissue by some of the mesenchymal cells becoming osteoblast cells. They are surrounded by periosteum

29
Q

Endochondral formation

A

Cartilage is first formed, covered by perichondrium. Cartilage is then invaded by bone cells, which replace the cartilage with bone. Bone replaces the cartilage in two end sections called epiphyses and a center section the diaphysis. The epiphyseal plate is between these.

30
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Block of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis

31
Q

What happens when the pituitary gland stops producing growth hormone

A

The epiphyseal plate disappears and the bone is no longer in three sections but unites as one

32
Q

Bone structure

A

50% hydroxyapatite crystals with the rest collagen, ground substance, and water

33
Q

Cortical bone (plate)

A

Hard structure between the periosteum and the marrow cavity

34
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone-destroying cells

35
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Blood carried by the arteries, veins, capillaries, as well as the heart that pumps it

36
Q

Two components blood is made up of

A

Fluid part and cellular part

37
Q

Fluid part of blood

A

plasma

38
Q

Cellular part of blood

A

divided into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

39
Q

Red blood cells

A

Every cubic millimeter of blood contains 4.5 to 5 million red blood cells
Bi-concave discs
Contain hemoglobin

40
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Iron-containing element
Has the ability to attach oxygen molecules to its structure and carry them from the lungs to the cells where oxygen is needed

41
Q

Like span of red blood cells

A

4 months

42
Q

Anemia

A

Any significant decrease in the number of red blood cells, or their ability to carry oxygen

43
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

In African Americans

Red blood cell is C shaped rather than round and lacks sufficient hemoglobin

Dental Anatomy Exam 4 Chapter 17 (1 decks)

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