Chapter 17

Question 1

Connectice tissue

Answer 1

Implies that tissue connects parts of the body together, a

Question 2

Where does the various types of connective tissue originate

Answer 2

Mesoderm

Question 3

General connective tissue

Answer 3

Compromised of cells, fibers, ground substance, and extracellular fluid
Subdivided into irregular connective tissue and regular tissue

Question 4

Ground substance

Answer 4

fluidlike material

Question 5

Extracellular fluid

Answer 5

filtrate of blood plasma

Question 6

Irregular connective tissue

Answer 6

Epithelium has no blood vessels

Named because its fibers run in all directions

Question 7

Fibroblast

Answer 7

one of the cells that sprouts or forms fibers (collagen fibers)

Question 8

These attach the tooth to its socket

Answer 8

Collagen fibers

Question 9

Tissue lymphocyte

Answer 9

Cells present in the connective tissue that produce antibodies to fight off or resist certain microorganisms or foreign substances

Question 10

B-lymphocyte

Answer 10

orginates from bone marrow and then passes to many lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, etc

Question 11

T-lymphocyte

Answer 11

originates from bone marrow but then migrates to the thymus gland

Question 12

Macrophage

Answer 12

acts as scavengers and devour dying cells and microorganisms

Question 13

Fat cells (adipocyte)

Answer 13

producing adipose tissue (fat cells)

Question 14

Regular connective tissue

Answer 14

The collagen fibers run parallel with one another with fibroblasts squeezed between them
Found as tendons and ligaments

Question 15

Tendons attatch

Answer 15

Muscle to bone

Question 16

Ligaments attach

Answer 16

Bone to bone

Question 17

Special connective tissues

Answer 17

cartilage
bone
blood

Question 18

Cartilage

Answer 18

A noncalcified supporting component of the body

Composed of chondroblasts or chrondrocytes

Question 19

Three types of cartilage

Answer 19

Fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and hyaline cartilage

Question 20

Fibrocartilage

Answer 20

Functions as a cushioning substance

Found in intervertebral discs between vertebrae of the spinal column, and the TMJ

Question 21

Elastic cartilage

Answer 21

Found in the firm but flexible part of the ear as well as the epiglottis over the larynx and septum of the nose

Question 22

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 22

Firmer and can be seen in the larynx, trachea, and certain parts of bones

Question 23

How many ways does cartilage grow

Answer 23

2 (appositional and interstital)

Question 24

Appositional growth

Answer 24

Grows by adding to its surface

Question 25

Interstitial growth

Answer 25

chondrocytes found inside the cartilage undergo cell division and enlargement and cause growth from within Without this it would not be possible for long bones of the body to grow in length

Question 26

Bone

Answer 26

Osteoblasts or osteocytes

Question 27

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 27

Microscopic crystals in bone

Question 28

Intramembraneous bone formation

Answer 28

Bone forms in regular connective tissue by some of the mesenchymal cells becoming osteoblast cells. They are surrounded by periosteum

Question 29

Endochondral formation

Answer 29

Cartilage is first formed, covered by perichondrium. Cartilage is then invaded by bone cells, which replace the cartilage with bone. Bone replaces the cartilage in two end sections called epiphyses and a center section the diaphysis. The epiphyseal plate is between these.

Question 30

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 30

Block of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 31

What happens when the pituitary gland stops producing growth hormone

Answer 31

The epiphyseal plate disappears and the bone is no longer in three sections but unites as one

Question 32

Bone structure

Answer 32

50% hydroxyapatite crystals with the rest collagen, ground substance, and water

Question 33

Cortical bone (plate)

Answer 33

Hard structure between the periosteum and the marrow cavity

Question 34

Osteoclasts

Answer 34

Bone-destroying cells

Question 35

Cardiovascular system

Answer 35

Blood carried by the arteries, veins, capillaries, as well as the heart that pumps it

Question 36

Two components blood is made up of

Answer 36

Fluid part and cellular part

Question 37

Fluid part of blood

Answer 37

plasma

Question 38

Cellular part of blood

Answer 38

divided into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 39

Red blood cells

Answer 39

Every cubic millimeter of blood contains 4.5 to 5 million red blood cells Bi-concave discs Contain hemoglobin

Question 40

Hemoglobin

Answer 40

Iron-containing element Has the ability to attach oxygen molecules to its structure and carry them from the lungs to the cells where oxygen is needed

Question 41

Like span of red blood cells

Answer 41

4 months

Question 42

Anemia

Answer 42

Any significant decrease in the number of red blood cells, or their ability to carry oxygen

Question 43

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 43

In African Americans | Red blood cell is C shaped rather than round and lacks sufficient hemoglobin