Chapter 17

Question 1

Connective tissue

Answer 1

Implies that tissue connects parts of the body together, and to some extent that description is true

Question 2

General connective tissue

Answer 2

Comprised of cells, fibers, ground substance, and extracellular fluid
Subdivided into irregular connective tissue, and regular connective tissue

Question 3

Ground substance

Answer 3

fluidlike material in general connective tissue

Question 4

Extracellular fluid

Answer 4

filrate of blood plasma

Question 5

Irregular connective tissue

Answer 5

Epithelium has no blood vessels

Named irregular because its fibers run in all directions

Question 6

Fibroblast

Answer 6

one of the cells that sprouts or forms fibers (these are known as collagen fibers)

Question 7

Fiber that attaches the tooth to its socket

Answer 7

Collagen fibers

Question 8

These originate from the bone marrow

Answer 8

B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte

Question 9

B-lymphocyte

Answer 9

Originates from the bone marrow and then passes to many lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, etc

Question 10

T-lymphocytes

Answer 10

Originate from bone marrow but then migrate to the thymus gland

Question 11

Macrophages

Answer 11

Act as scavengers and devour dying cells and microorganisms

Question 12

Fat cells (adipocyte)

Answer 12

Producing adipose tissue (fat)

Question 13

Regular connective tissue

Answer 13

Collagen fibers run parallel with one another with fibroblasts squeezed between them
Found as tendons and ligaments

Question 14

Tendons attach

Answer 14

Muscle to bone

Question 15

Ligaments attach

Answer 15

Bone to bone

Question 16

Special connective tissue

Answer 16

Cartilage
Bone
Blood

Question 17

Cartilage

Answer 17

A noncalcified supporting component of the body

Question 18

What is cartilage composed of

Answer 18

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

Question 19

Three types of cartilage

Answer 19

Fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and hyaline cartilage

Question 20

Fibrocartilage

Answer 20

Functions as a cushioning substance

Found in intevertebral discs between vertebrae of the spinal column, and the TMJ

Question 21

Elastic cartilage

Answer 21

Found in the firm but flexible part of the ear as well as the epiglottis over the larynx and septum of the nose

Question 22

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 22

Firmer and can be seen in the larynx, trachea, and certain parts of bones

Question 23

How many ways can cartilage grow

Answer 23

2

Appositional growth and interstitial growth

Question 24

Appositional growth

Answer 24

Grows by adding to its surface

Question 25

Interstitial growth

Answer 25

The chondrocytes found inside the cartilage undergo cell division and enlargement and cause growth from within Without this it would not be possible for long bones of the body to grow in length

Question 26

Bone

Answer 26

Osteoblasts or osteocytes

Question 27

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 27

Microscopic crystals in bone

Question 28

Intramembranous bone formation

Answer 28

Bone forms in regular connective tissue by some of the primitive mesenchymal cells becoming osteoblasts. Soon surrounded by periosteum

Question 29

Endochondral formation

Answer 29

Cartilage is first formed, covered by perichondrium. Cartilage is then invaded by bone cells, which replace the cartilage with bone. Bone replaces the cartilage in two end sections called the epiphyses and a center section, the diaphysis. Between those is the epiphyseal plate

Question 30

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 30

block of cartilage between each epiphysis and the diaphysis

Question 31

What happens when the pituitary gland stops producing growth hormone

Answer 31

the epiphyseal plate disappears and the bone is no longer in three sections but unite as one

Question 32

Bone structure

Answer 32

About 50% hydroxyapatite crystals with the rest collagen, ground substance, and water

Question 33

Hard structure between the periosteum and the marrow cavity

Answer 33

Cortical plate or plate

Question 34

Coritical plate

Answer 34

Has numerous blood vessels running through it to keep it vital

Question 35

Osteoclasts

Answer 35

Bone-destroying cells

Question 36

Cardiovascular system

Answer 36

Blood is carried by the arteries, veins, and capillaries, as well as the heart that pumps it

Question 37

Two components that make up blood

Answer 37

Fluid part and cellular part

Question 38

Fluid part of blood

Answer 38

called plasma

Question 39

Cellular part of blood

Answer 39

divided into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 40

Red blood cells

Answer 40

Every cubic millimeter of blood contains 4.5 to 5 million red blood cells Bi-concave discs Have hemoglobin

Question 41

Hemoglobin

Answer 41

iron-containing element Has the ability to attach oxygen molecules to its structure and carry them from the lungs to the cells where oxygen is needed

Question 42

Life span of a red blood cell

Answer 42

about 4 months

Question 43

Anemia

Answer 43

Any significant decrease in the number of red blood cells, or their ability to carry oxygen

Question 44

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 44

In African Americans, the red blood cells are C shaped rather than round and lacks sufficient hemoglobin