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Anatomy Exam 4 Chapter 17 > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue

A

Implies that tissue connects parts of the body together, and to some extent that description is true

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2
Q

General connective tissue

A

Comprised of cells, fibers, ground substance, and extracellular fluid
Subdivided into irregular connective tissue, and regular connective tissue

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3
Q

Ground substance

A

fluidlike material in general connective tissue

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4
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

filrate of blood plasma

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5
Q

Irregular connective tissue

A

Epithelium has no blood vessels

Named irregular because its fibers run in all directions

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6
Q

Fibroblast

A

one of the cells that sprouts or forms fibers (these are known as collagen fibers)

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7
Q

Fiber that attaches the tooth to its socket

A

Collagen fibers

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8
Q

These originate from the bone marrow

A

B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte

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9
Q

B-lymphocyte

A

Originates from the bone marrow and then passes to many lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, etc

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10
Q

T-lymphocytes

A

Originate from bone marrow but then migrate to the thymus gland

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11
Q

Macrophages

A

Act as scavengers and devour dying cells and microorganisms

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12
Q

Fat cells (adipocyte)

A

Producing adipose tissue (fat)

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13
Q

Regular connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers run parallel with one another with fibroblasts squeezed between them
Found as tendons and ligaments

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14
Q

Tendons attach

A

Muscle to bone

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15
Q

Ligaments attach

A

Bone to bone

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16
Q

Special connective tissue

A

Cartilage
Bone
Blood

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17
Q

Cartilage

A

A noncalcified supporting component of the body

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18
Q

What is cartilage composed of

A

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

19
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and hyaline cartilage

20
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Functions as a cushioning substance

Found in intevertebral discs between vertebrae of the spinal column, and the TMJ

21
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Found in the firm but flexible part of the ear as well as the epiglottis over the larynx and septum of the nose

22
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Firmer and can be seen in the larynx, trachea, and certain parts of bones

23
Q

How many ways can cartilage grow

A

2

Appositional growth and interstitial growth

24
Q

Appositional growth

A

Grows by adding to its surface

25
Q

Interstitial growth

A

The chondrocytes found inside the cartilage undergo cell division and enlargement and cause growth from within
Without this it would not be possible for long bones of the body to grow in length

26
Q

Bone

A

Osteoblasts or osteocytes

27
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

Microscopic crystals in bone

28
Q

Intramembranous bone formation

A

Bone forms in regular connective tissue by some of the primitive mesenchymal cells becoming osteoblasts. Soon surrounded by periosteum

29
Q

Endochondral formation

A

Cartilage is first formed, covered by perichondrium. Cartilage is then invaded by bone cells, which replace the cartilage with bone. Bone replaces the cartilage in two end sections called the epiphyses and a center section, the diaphysis. Between those is the epiphyseal plate

30
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

block of cartilage between each epiphysis and the diaphysis

31
Q

What happens when the pituitary gland stops producing growth hormone

A

the epiphyseal plate disappears and the bone is no longer in three sections but unite as one

32
Q

Bone structure

A

About 50% hydroxyapatite crystals with the rest collagen, ground substance, and water

33
Q

Hard structure between the periosteum and the marrow cavity

A

Cortical plate or plate

34
Q

Coritical plate

A

Has numerous blood vessels running through it to keep it vital

35
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone-destroying cells

36
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Blood is carried by the arteries, veins, and capillaries, as well as the heart that pumps it

37
Q

Two components that make up blood

A

Fluid part and cellular part

38
Q

Fluid part of blood

A

called plasma

39
Q

Cellular part of blood

A

divided into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

40
Q

Red blood cells

A

Every cubic millimeter of blood contains 4.5 to 5 million red blood cells
Bi-concave discs
Have hemoglobin

41
Q

Hemoglobin

A

iron-containing element
Has the ability to attach oxygen molecules to its structure and carry them from the lungs to the cells where oxygen is needed

42
Q

Life span of a red blood cell

A

about 4 months

43
Q

Anemia

A

Any significant decrease in the number of red blood cells, or their ability to carry oxygen

44
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

In African Americans, the red blood cells are C shaped rather than round and lacks sufficient hemoglobin

Anatomy Exam 4 Chapter 17 (1 decks)

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