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medical assisting > chapter 17 > Flashcards

chapter 17 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

natural defenses

A

Skin ~ clean & intact or unbroken
Eyes~ eyelashes = barrier Tears= enzymes destroys pathogens
Mouth ~ Saliva = slightly bacterial destroys enzymes
Gastrointestinal tract ~Hydrochloric acid destroys
Respiratory tract ~ nasal cilia traps pathogens & Mucus traps pathogens
Genitourinary tract ~ slightly acidic enviroment

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1
Q

pathogens

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa

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2
Q

conditions that favors growth of pathogens

A

moisturer ~ can survive with little or no moisture
nutrients ~ depend on their enviroment
Temperature ~ even in freezing or boiling temps they can survive they thrive at normal body temp 98.6
Darkness ~ many can be destroyed w/ bright light
Neutral PH ~ measurement of acid base balance scale of 1 - 14 neutral is 7 (7.35 -7.45 is preferred to microorganisms to thrive
Oxygen ~ some require oxygen some do not

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3
Q

acrobes

A

microorganisms that require oxygen to survive

most pathogens are aerobic

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4
Q

anacrobes

A

microorganisms that do not require oxygen to survive

tetanus and botulism

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5
Q

infection cycle

A

reservoir host~ place on or in which the organism grows or reproduces
exit from RH~ escape route IE: nose, mouth, ear, urinary tract, wounds
vehicle for transmission~ means by which organisms are carried about IE: hands, equipment, instruments, china, silverware, droplets
Portal of Entry~ part of body where organism enter IE: skin, mouth
Susceptible host~ person whose body can not fight off organism

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6
Q

Direct Transmission

A

direct contact between reservoir host and susceptible host produces direct transmission

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7
Q

indirect transmission

A

may occur through contact with a vehicle known as a vector.

vectors include contaminated food and water, disease carrying insects, inanimate objects such as soil, drinking glasses, wound drainage and infected or improperly disinfected medical instruments.

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8
Q

human hosts

A

include people who are ill with an infectious disease, people who are carriers of infectious disease, and people who arer incubating an infectious disease but are not showing symptoms

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9
Q

reservoir host

A

human, animals or insects

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10
Q

asymtomatic

A

have no symptoms

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11
Q

animals hosts

A

less common

disease that may be transmitted to humans from animals include anthrax and rabies

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12
Q

insect hosts

A

insects that feed on blood of infected reservoir host and then pass the disease to another victim or susceptible host

ticks and mosquitoes transmit disease (ticks) Lyme disease (mosquitoes) malaria, west nile disease

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13
Q

OSHA

A

occupational safety and health administration helps the employees

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14
Q

CDC

A

center of disease control helps the public

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15
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Does not mean the object or area is free from all microorganisms… It refers to an area or object that is free from pathogenic microorganisms
Commonly known as the clean technique

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16
Q

Hand washing

A

The most important medical asepsis technique to prevent transmission of pathogens

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17
Q

When should you wash your hands

A

Before and after every patient
After coming in contact with blood or body fluids
After coming in contact with contaminated materials
After handling specimens
After coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose
After using restroom
Before and after going to lunch, taking breaks, and leaving for the day

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18
Q

Gloves

A

Because you should always assume that blood and body fluids are contaminated with pathogens wear gloves when ever handling or anticipate handling fluids

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19
Q

Aids

A

Contact to contaminated mucus or contaminated blood or contact with contaminated sharps

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20
Q

Chicken pox

A

Direct contact or droplets

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21
Q

Cholera

A

Ingestion of contaminated water and food

22
Q

Diphtheria

A

Airborne droplets and infected carriers

23
Q

HBV (hepatitis b virus)

A

Direct contact with infectious body fluid

24
Q

Influenza

A

Airborne droplets, infected carriers, or direct contact with contaminated articles such as used tissues

25
Q

Measles (rubeola)

A

Airborne droplets, infected carriers

26
Q

Meningitis

A

Airborne droplets

27
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Airborne droplets, contact with infected saliva

28
Q

Mumps

A

Airborne droplets, infected carriers, or direct contact with materials contaminated with infected saliva

29
Q

Pneumonia

A

Airborne droplets, or direct contact with infected mucus

30
Q

Rabies

A

Direct contact with saliva of infected animal such as an animal bite

31
Q

Rubella (German measles)

A

Airborne droplets, infected carriers

32
Q

Tetanus

A

Direct contact with spores or contaminated animal feces

Affects nervous system

33
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Airborne droplets, infected carriers

34
Q

Sterilization

A

The highest level of infection control, destroys all forms of microorganisms, including spores, on inanimate objects

35
Q

Sanitisation

A

Lowest level of infection control, which is cleaning any visible contaminates from the item using soap or detergent, water and manual friction

36
Q

Disinfectants or germicides

A

Inactivate virtually all recognized pathogenic microorganisms but not all microbial forms including spores on inanimate objects

37
Q

Disinfection high level

A

Destroys most forms of microbial life except certain bacterial spores

38
Q

Disinfection intermediate level

A

Destroys many viruses, fungi, and some bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis

Chemical Germicide that kills M tuberculosis is a 1:10 dilution of household bleach

39
Q

Disinfection low level

A

Destroys many bacteria and some viruses but not M. Tuberculosis or bacterial spores

40
Q

Infection control for the medical office

A

Practices of individual offices regarding employees health and safety must be either put into policy and procedure manual or complied separately as an infection control manual

41
Q

Exposure risk factors

A

Medical offices must provide clear instructions in the policy or infection control manual for preventing employee exposure and reducing the danger of exposure to bio hazardous material

42
Q

Exposure control plan

A

The exposure risk factor for each worker by job description must be included in the written policy

43
Q

Exposure to biohazard waste

A 
Wash hands
Apply principals of first aid
Notify supervisor, office manager, office physician 
Accident report
Exposure testing if needed
44
Q

PPE

A

Personal protective equipment

Gloves, goggles and/or face shield, gown, booties

45
Q

Alcohol (70% isopropyl)

A

Used for no critical items (countertops, glass thermometers, stethoscopes)

Flammable; damages some rubber, plastic, and lenses

46
Q

Chlorine (sodium hypochlorite or bleach)

A

Dilute 1:10 (1 part bleach to 10 parts water )
Use for broad spectrum microbes
Inexpensive and fast acting
Corrosive, inactivated by organic matter, relatively unstable

47
Q

Formaldehyde

A

Disinfectant and sterilant
Regulated by OSHA
Warnings must be marked on all containers and storage areas

48
Q

Glutaraldehyde

A

Alkaline or acid. Effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and some spores
OSHA regulated; requires adequate ventilation, covered pans, gloves, masks; must display biohazard or chemical label

49
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Stable and effective when used on inanimate objects
Attacks membrane lipids, DNA and other essential cell components
Can damage plastic, rubber, and some metals

50
Q

Iodine or Idophors

A

Bacteriostatic agent
Not to be used on instruments
May cause staining

51
Q

Phenols (tuberculocidal)

A

Used for environmental items or equipment
Requires gloves and eye protection
Can cause skin irritation and burns

52
Q

Standard precautions

A

Set of procedures recognized by the CDC to help reduce chance of transmitting infectious microorganisms in any health care setting, including medical offices

53
Q

Spill kits

A

Used to clean spills of bio hazardous waste

Eye protection- such as goggles
Clean examination gloves
Absorbent powder, crystals or gel
Paper towels
Disposable scoop
At least one biohazard waste bag
A chemical disinfectant

medical assisting (1 decks)

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