Chapter 17/18: The End of the 18th Century Flashcards
What composers exemplified (are the best examples of) classical music?
Haydn and Mozart
What are Haydn and Mozart credited with?
Developing and perfecting classical symphony and string quartet
Franz Joseph Haydn
-Esterhazy family
-Hoboken (first thematic catalogue of Haydn’s music)
-Father of the String Quartet (wrote +/- 76)
-Father of the Symphony (wrote 104)
Who was the Father of the String Quartet?
Haydn
-wrote +/- 76
-Opus 33
(Minuet renamed as Scherzo)
(“an entirely new and special style”)
Who was the Father of the Symphony?
Haydn
-wrote 104
-False reprise (or false recap)
-12 London Symphonies
What is a false reprise?
1st theme returns (probably in different key) then is abandoned to continue development
The London Symphonies
-Haydn
-Nos. 93-104
-Begin w/slow intro w/dotted rhythms (typically associated with French Overture)
-Development of thematic material throughout
-2 trumpets and timpani (these instruments becoming standard in the orchestra)
-Cellos independant of Bass
-2 Clarinets (AND possibly Oboes, no longer just an either/or)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
-Greatly Influenced by Johann Christian Bach
-Independent composer (didn’t belong to a family like Haydn)
-Köchel (catalogue)
-Distinctive Style
-String Quartets
-Concerto
-Opera
-Symphony
-Keyboard Sonata
-Requiem Mass
In what ways did Johann Christian Bach influence Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?
(1) Singing Allegro Lines
(2) Tasteful use of appoggiatura and triplet
(3) Harmonic ambiguities
(4) Thematic contrasts
Describe Mozart’s distinctive style.
-Lyric melodies
-Seldom repeated phrases
-Slow introductions were rare
-Chromaticism (both melodic and chromatic)
-Chamber music - all parts become equal
How did Mozart achieve his goal of seldomly repeating phrases?
He would make changes in:
-ornamentation
-rhythm
-harmony
-dynamics
What were Mozart’s contributions to the String Quartet?
-Wrote 27
-6 Haydn Quartets are his finest
-All parts becoming equal
What were Mozart’s contributions to the Concerto?
-Mozart’s chief contribution to instrumental music is the perfection of classical concerto structure
-Piano was instrument of choice
-Demonstrate innovative writing
What were Mozart’s contributions to the Opera?
-Opera was the most important public genre in the 18th century
-Lorenzo Da Ponte - librettist
-Marriage of Figaro
-Don Giovanni
-Cosi fan tutte
-The Magic Flute
Marriage of Figaro
-Mozart
-Greatest of all Comic Opera
-Commedia per musica (comedy through music) (NOT opera bufa according to Mozart)
-Musical score guides musicians (lots of notes in score to guide performers)
-Sonata form throughout
-Best example of his ensemble writing
Don Giovanni
-Mozart
-Drama giocoso (non tragic drama)
-Dark humor (highlighted in d minor)
-Continuous music throughout serious sections
-Secco recitative in comic scenes
Cosi fan tutte
-Mozart
-Opera buffa (specifically labeled by Mozart)
The Magic Flute
-Mozart
-Singspiel (spoken dialogue w/humorous scenes)
-Key association (G=comedic characters, F=church, etc.)
-First of modern German operas
-Helped establish the German national opera
What were Mozart’s contributions to the Symphony?
-wrote 50 total
-demonstrate development of his compositional skill and changes in style
What compositional skills and changes in Mozart’s writing can be observed through his symphonies?
-Singing allegro lines
-Rhythmic variety
-Harmonic ambiguity
-Thematic contrasts
-rarely slow intros
-more diaglogue between sections
What were Mozart’s contributions to the Keyboard Sonata?
-wrote 18 [16-20]
-3 mvts:
1) sonata form w/contrasting themes
2) adagio or adante - expressive lyricism
3) Lively Rondo
What were Mozart’s contributions to the Requiem Mass?
- His crowning achievement in sacred music
-Finished Introit and Kyrie
-Draft score for 8 sections (voice parts, figured bass, chosen instrumentation); Sussmayr completed the work from Mozart’s sketches
