Chapter 17

Question 1

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 1

The most important and enduring labor group in the country

Question 2

American Socialist Party

Answer 2

Founded in 1901. Advanced Workers’ interests

Question 3

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 3

Scottish immigrant who became wealthy as a Steel industry owner. Believe in Gospel of Wealth.

Question 4

Eugene V. Debs

Answer 4

Labor leader, led the Pullman strike. One of the founders of the American Socialist Party.

Question 5

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 5

People of great wealth, advocates of this idea argued, had not only great power but great responsibility as well. It was their duty to use their riches to advance social progress

Question 6

Haymarket Bombing

Answer 6

To most middle-class Americans, the bombing was an alarming symbol of social chaos and radicalism. It led to the formation of the American Federation of Labor

Question 7

Henry Clay Frick

Answer 7

Chief lieutenant, who tried to save the union

Question 8

Homestead Strike

Answer 8

The union had a rulebook of 56 pages what workers called “legislation” and it limited the power of employees. A bloody confrontation ensued between the workers and the hired Pinkerton security guards

Question 9

Horatio Alger

Answer 9

American novelist. His novels about poor boys becoming rich through hard work. “Pull yourself up by your bootstraps.” Closeted gay man.

Question 10

Knights of Labor

Answer 10

The first genuinely national labor organization was the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor, founded in 1869. The Knights were loosely organized, and they abolished child labor.

Question 11

Louisa May Alcott

Answer 11

American novelists. Her novels gave voice to the unstated ambitions of young women. She wrote Little Women.

Question 12

Molly Maguires

Answer 12

A militant organization win the coal region of Pennsylvania. They indimited the coal operators through violence and murder.

Question 13

Samuel Gompers

Answer 13

Powerful leader of the American Federation of Labor; argued that men should make a “family wage” so that women didn’t have to work. He argued against creation of a worker’s party. He was in the Cigar Rollers’ Union. “Samuel Gompers the Cigar Chomper”

Question 14

Social Darwinism

Answer 14

Social Darwinism is applied to businesses because it seemed to legitimize their success and confirm their virtues.

Question 15

Women’s Trade Union League

Answer 15

started as a union of women workers; slowly transitioned from organizing women workers to advocating for better laws protecting women workers