chapter 17 Flashcards
Niger River
A river of west Africa that rises in Guinea and flows about 4,180 km in a wide arc through Mali, Niger, and Nigeria to the Gulf of Guinea. Several advanced civilizations arose around the river.
creole
West Africans combined European colonizers’ languages (English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese) with parts of West African languages and grammatical patterns to create new languages known broadly as creole
Gullah
Creole language that is also known as Greeche language, found in South Carolina nad Georgia where slaves once composed 75 percent of the population.
Greeche
Creole language that is also known as Gullah language, found in South Carolina nad Georgia where slaves once composed 75 percent of the population.
Santeria
belief in spirits that could possess or take over and act through a person in evil ways
Cuba and a combination of Christian and traditional African religions
Vodun
belief in spirits that could possess or take over and cat through a person in evil ways
Haiti and a combination of Christian and traditional African religions
Candomblé
belief in spirits that could possess or take over and cat through a person in evil ways
Brazil and a combination of Christian and traditional African religions
gumbo
Dish that is popular in the southern United States, has roots in African cooking. Rice and Okra
polygyny
The practice of having more than one wife
The predominance of women as a result of a majority of the men being kidnapped and sold during the slave trade led to the rise of polygyny and forced women to assume duties that had traditionally been men’s jobs.
Saint Domingue
Slave revolts led by Toussaint L’Ouverture in the French colony of Saint Domingue in the late 18th century were so successful that they brought the end of slavery to the island in 1804, giving the newly independent nation of Haiti the distinction of being the first country in the Americas to end slavery.
Dahomey
African city-state that grew wealthy by selling enslaved Africans to European slavers. It grew stronger because it raided other villages for slaves and sold them to European merchants.
Sunni Ali
Became the ruler of the Songhay people in 1464 and began to aggressively conquer territory on both sides of the Niger river, creating the Songhay Empire.
Conquests included Timbuktu, a famous center of Islamic scholarship. He was a Muslim but not intensely devout.
Oyo
African society that conducted a slave raid (Oyo) that resulted in them becoming richer from selling their captives to Europeans
barracoons
Captive Africans were taken to holding pens in West Africa known as barracoons or “slave castles”
Ile de Gorée
Tourists can visit one such holding prison—the so-called House of Slaves on Ile de Gorée (Gorée Island) on the coast of Senegal
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer who invaded the Swahili city-states of East Africa in 1498 (most of which were thriving commercial centers in the Indian Ocean trade).
triangular trade
Also known as the Atlantic trade system
Africans became a part of this complex global trading system. Was based on a trade cycle with three “legs.” One version of triangular trade involved the transport of European manufactured goods such as firearms to West Africa, and from there enslaved Africans were shipped to the Americas. The final leg involved the transport of American tobacco and other cash crops to Europe.
Atlantic trade system
Also known as the triangular trade system
Africans became a part of this complex global trading system. Was based on a trade cycle with three “legs.” One version of triangular trade involved the transport of European manufactured goods such as firearms to West Africa, and from there enslaved Africans were shipped to the Americas. The final leg involved the transport of American tobacco and other cash crops to Europe.
Middle Passage
The grueling journey across the Atlantic for slaves, was named so because it was the middle part of the captives’ journey. A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
African Diaspora
Dispersion of Africans out of Africa
Enslaved Africans managed to somehow retain certain aspects of their cultures in their new environments even with the African Diaspora
abolition
Especially in Great Britain, political and social changes would drive the push for abolition. Abolition is the act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution, in this case, slavery. Many intellectuals felt that slavery could not be reconciled with the Enlightenment values of democracy and equality, and thus the abolition movement was born.
