Chapter 17:

Question 1

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5’ AGT 3’. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is _____.

Answer 1

3’ UCA 5’

Question 2

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?

Answer 2

A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

Question 3

Which of the following is directly related to a single amino acid?

Answer 3

the three-base sequence of mRNA

Question 4

In the process of transcription, _____.

Answer 4

RNA is synthesized

Question 5

Codons are part of the molecular structure of _____.

Answer 5

mRNA

Question 6

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?

Answer 6

More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.

Question 7

Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. What is the mechanism of information transfer in eukarotes?

Answer 7

Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place.

Question 8

According to the central dogma, what molecule should go in the blank?

Answer 8

mRNA

Question 9

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

Answer 9

concurrent transcription and translation

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?

Answer 10

RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.

Question 11

In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase. Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a globin protein?

Answer 11

RNA polymerase II

Question 12

Alternative RNA splicing _____.

Answer 12

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA

Question 13

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is _____.

Answer 13

AAA

Question 14

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the _____.

Answer 14

binding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs

Question 15

Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?

Answer 15

the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5’ cap of mRNA

Question 16

Translation requires

Answer 16

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

Question 17

During elongation, which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

Answer 17

A site

Question 18

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site, what occurs next?

Answer 18

Translocation

Question 19

Which one of the following, if missing, would usually prevent translation from starting?

Answer 19

AUG codon

Question 20

How does termination of translation take place?

Answer 20

A stop codon is reached.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

Answer 21

Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress.

Question 22

In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the

Answer 22

nucleus

Question 23

What is the site of translation?

Answer 23

Ribsomes

Question 24

In prokaryotic cells both transcription and translation occur simultanesouly in the

Answer 24

cytoplasm

Question 25

Which enzyme is responsible for RNA synthesis

Answer 25

RNA polymerase