Chapter 17

Question 1

Competitive disadvantage

Answer 1

a theorized developmental pattern in which the witnessing and expression of aggressive behaviours as well as a disadvantaged environment lead to chronic patterns of deviant behaviour in adulthood

Question 2

Human sex trafficking

Answer 2

a form of slavery in which individuals are forced to engage in sexual acts for other’s profit

Question 3

Marital rape

Answer 3

Within a spousal relationship, any unwanted intercourse or penetration (oral, vaginal or anal) obtained by force, by threat of force, or when a spouse in unable to consent

Question 4

Peace bond

Answer 4

A court order requiring a person to keep a certain distance from another person, their workplace, their home or any member of their family

Question 5

Post-traumatic growth

Answer 5

positive psychological change following a major negative event

Question 6

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 6

An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a life-threatening or serious anxiety-producing event that can cause persistent and chronic psychological symptoms, such as flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance or stimuli associated with the trauma, hyperarousal, and anxiety

Question 7

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 7

An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a life-threatening or serious anxiety-producing event that can cause persistent and chronic psychological symptoms, such as flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance or stimuli associated with the trauma, hyperarousal, and anxiety

Question 8

Protection order

Answer 8

A civil court order available in some provinces that provides various emergency and long-term orders to protect victims of family violence

Question 9

Psychopathy

Answer 9

A theorized developmental pattern in which an individual’s antisocial behaviour is life-persistent, has no known environmental causes, and involves manipulation and exploitation of others for personal gain

Question 10

Rape

Answer 10

The act of initiating sexual intercourse with a person without their consent; it may involve physical force, verbal coercion, abuse of authority, or an incapacity to provide valid consent

Question 11

Rape culture

Answer 11

A sociological concept coined in the 1970s by second wave feminists to describe settings in which victim blaming, sexual objectification, trivializing or denying rape, and refusal to acknowledge the impact of rape contribute to the pervasiveness and normalization of rape

Question 12

Rape myths

Answer 12

inaccurate beliefs about sexual assault

Question 13

Restraining order

Answer 13

A family court order that forbids a spouse, a partner, or another family member from harassing the victim and sets limits on the conditions under which the person can contact the victim

Question 14

sexual assault

Answer 14

a range of nonconsensual sexual experiences, including unwanted touching; oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse; and sexual violence

Question 15

Sexual harrassment

Answer 15

any unwanted sex-related behaviours that are considered by the recipient to be offensive, threatening or demeaning

Question 16

Stalking

Answer 16

Harassing behaviour such as repeatedly following intimidating or tracking another person against their will

Question 17

Victim precipitation theory

Answer 17

a theory that suggests that victims are in part responsible for their assaults because of their own particular behaviours or characteristics

Question 18

young male syndrome

Answer 18

A theorized route to delinquent and/or criminal acts in which individuals engage in risky, violent, and competitive behaviour, especially during adolescence and early adulthood, to demonstrate their dominance and willingness to incur risks to attain goals