Chapter 17 - 06-17-15

Question 1

Are steroid hormones lipid or water soluble?

Answer 1

lipid-soluble

Question 2

Which hormones are synthesized from cholesterol?

Answer 2

Steroid hormones

Question 3

What do steroid hormones include?

Answer 3

steroids in gonads, adrenal cortex, and sometimes calcitriol.

Question 4

Which hormone type has the most hormones?

Answer 4

protein hormones

Question 5

What are protein hormones composed of?

Answer 5

small chain of amino acids

Question 6

Are protein hormones water or lipid soluble?

Answer 6

water-soluble

Question 7

Protein hormones include?

Answer 7

polypeptides, oligopeptides, and glycoproteins

Question 8

What are biogenic amines?

Answer 8

modified amino acids

Question 9

What do biogenic amines include?

Answer 9

catecholamines from adrenal medulla

thyroid hormones from thyroid gland

Question 10

Are biogenic amines water or lipid soluble?

Answer 10

water-soluble except thyroid hormone

Question 11

Local hormones are a large group of?

Answer 11

signaling molecules

Question 12

Do local hormones circulate in the blood?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

Describe the pathway of a local hormone.

Answer 13

released from cells that produce them and bind with same or neighboring cell

Question 14

What is a type of a local hormone?

Answer 14

eicosanoids

Question 15

What are eicosanoids formed from?

Answer 15

fatty acids and 20 carbon atoms

Question 16

What are eicosanoids derived from?

Answer 16

phospholipids within the cell’s plasma membrane

Question 17

What are eicosanoids made from?

Answer 17

arachidonic acid

Question 18

What do eicosanoids form?

Answer 18

leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes

Question 19

Define autocrine stimulation.

Answer 19

initiate changes in same cell where formed

Question 20

Define paracrine stimulation.

Answer 20

initiate changes in neighboring cells

Question 21

List eicosanoids functions.

Answer 21

role in inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and pain receptors.

Question 22

Water-soluble hormones readily or not readily dissolve?

Answer 22

readily

Question 23

lipid-soluble hormones readily or not readily dissolve?

Answer 23

not readily

Question 24

What do lipid-soluble hormones require?

Answer 24

carrier molecule

Question 25

What are carrier molecules?

Answer 25

water-soluble proteins that carry the hormones within the blood

Question 26

Define an unbound hormone.

Answer 26

not attached to carrier molecule

Question 27

Define a bound hormone.

Answer 27

attached to carrier moecule

Question 28

Which, bound or unbound hormones, are allowed to enter the blood stream?

Answer 28

unbound hormones

Question 29

What are other functions of the carrier molecules?

Answer 29

protect hormone and prevent destruction