Chapter 16 / The responsibility to protect Flashcards
Atrocity crimes - Understood as genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity
Are a tragically persistent feature of contemporary world politics
The world created international humanitarian laws in order to
Design to prohibit these crimes and create positives duties to prevent them and punish their perpetrators
2005 World Summit, the largest ever gathering of heads of state and government committed
Themselves unanimously to a new principle, the responsibility to protect, or R2P
Governments declared themselves responsible for the protection of their populations from four of the most serious crimes (Atrocity crimes) and promised that in some circumstances that
The security of individuals and groups should be prioritized over the security of states
The UN has also established a Joint Officer for Genocide Prevention and R2P that provides early warning device,
Helps craft responses to major crises and developers a coherent system-wide approach to these issues
Sovereignty had many different outlooks
True
According to the doctrine (Bukovansky 2002),
States draw their right to rule from the consent of the governed and this conset might be withdraw if the sovereign abused its citizens or failed to guarantee their basic rights.
The use of military force to stop atrocity crimes - was often
portrayed as a debate over the priority that should be according to either sovereignty or human rights
Suffice it to say that during the Cold war no right of humanitarian intervention was permitted because
States were primarily concerned about maintaing as much international order as possible through adherence to the rule of non-interference
Francis Deng, a former Sudanese diplomat and his co-authors argued that:
“sovereignty carries with it certain responsibilities for which governments mustbe held accountable. And they are accountable not only to their own nationalconstituencies but ultimately to the international community. In other words,by effectively discharging its responsibilities for good governance, a state canlegitimately claim protection for its national sovereignty”
“In 1999,NATO bombed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to coerce its leader, SlobodanMilosevic, into ceasing the ethnic cleansing of Kosovar Albanians.”
” NATO wasforced to act without a UN mandate because Russia and China believed that thesituation in Kosovo was not serious enough to warrant armed intervention.”
“The divisiveness of NATO’s operation in Kosovo prompted UN Secretary-GeneralKofi Annan to enter the debate in 1999.”
In his annual address to the General Assembly, he insisted that “state sovereignty, in its most basic sense, is being redefined by the forces of globalization and international cooperation”.
