Chapter 16: The portfolio management process Flashcards
Why portfolio management is a continual process?
Because financial markets and individual circumstances are ever-changing.
What is portfolio approach?
the process of securities selection based on their interaction with each other and their contribution to the portfolio as a whole
What is the difference between portfolio returns and risk?
Return is weighted average but risk is amost always less than avarage risk of individual securities within it.
What are the 7 steps of portfolio management process?
- Determine investment objectives and constraints.
- Design an investment policy statement.
- Develop the asset mix.
- Select the securities.
- Monitor the client, the market, and the economy.
- Evaluate portfolio performance.
- Rebalance the portfolio.
What do they do in step 1 to determine investment objectives and constraints?
- First, determine clients’ investment objectives and constraints (ràng buộc).
- Pointed interview questions is a good way
- > Clients’ return and risk objective (whether maximum return or minimum loss)
- Identify risk tolerance is very important.
What is the purpose of portfolio management?
to ensure that the portfolio generates returns in consideration of the investor’s particular level of risk tolerance -> risk management is important.
What is risk of Government issues (less than a year)?
Lowest risk, highest quality
What is risk of Corporate issues (less than a year)?
Highest risk, lowest quality
What is the risk of fixed-income securities short-term?
low risk, low price volatility
What is the risk of fixed-income securities medium term?
medium risk, medium price volatility
What is the risk of fixed-income securities long-term?
high risk, maximum price volatility
How is risk of conservative equity?
Low risk; high capitalization; predictable earnings; high yield; high dividend payouts; lower price-to-earnings ratio; low price volatility
How is risk of growth equity?
Medium risk; average capitalization; potential for above average growth in earnings; aggressive management; lower dividend payout; higher price-to-earnings ratio; potentially higher price volatility
How is risk of venture equity?
High risk; low capitalization; limited earnings record; no dividends; price-to-earnings ratio of little significance; short operating history; highly volatile
How is risk of speculative equity?
Maximum risk; shorter term; maximum price volatility; no earnings; no dividends; priceto-earnings ratio not significant
What are the primary investment components in an investor’s objective?
- safety of principal
- Income
- Growth of capital
What are the secondary investment components in an investor’s objective?
- Liquidity
- tax minimization
What should you do as an advisor regarding the primary investment components of your client’s objective?
should explain about them and jointly determine the appropriate balance among all objectives. (% basis) -> then translate into categories of the New account application form (NAAF).
How is the type of security match with the primary objective (namely 1. safety of principal, 2. Income, 3. Growth of capital)?
- Short-term bonds (Safety: best, Income: very steady, Growth: very limited)
- Long-term bonds (Safety: Next best, Income: very steady, Growth: variable)
- Preferred stocks (Safety: Good, Income: steady, Growth: variable)
- Common stocks (Safety: Often the least, Income: variable, Growth: often the most)
What is Secondary objective 1—Liquidity?
- important for investors who may need money on short notice.
- Most Canadian securities can be sold quickly in reasonable quantities at some price.
What is Secondary objective 2—Tax avoidance?
- Advisor must consider the effect of taxation.
- Varies depending on whether the returns are categorized as interest, dividends, or capital gains.
- > influences the choice of investments.
What is investment constraints? (rang buoc)
Constraints may loosely be defined as those items that may hinder or prevent you from satisfying your client’s objectives.
What are the factors of investment constraints?
- Time horizon
- liquidity requirements
- Tax requirements
- Legal and regulatory requirements
- Unique circumstances
What is time horizon in investment constraints?
- A major factor
- It is the period spanning the present until the next major change in the client’s circumstances. -> need to completely rebalance their portfolio.
- A client’s time horizon should extend from the present until the next major expected change in circumstances.