Chapter 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Question 1

Used pathogenic versus non-pathogenic bacteria to show changes in
genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA, also known as transformation.

Answer 1

Griffith

Question 2

Used a technique called X-ray crystallography to study molecular structure.

Answer 2

Wilkins and Franklin

Question 3

Performed experiments with bacteria that proved that the transformed substance, reported in previous experiments, was DNA.

Answer 3

Hershey and Chase

Question 4

Reported that the base composition of DNA varies between species. In any species the number A and T bases are equal, and the number of G and C are based are equal

Answer 4

Chargaff

Question 5

Used the T2 phage to show the genetic information passed from generation to generation is DNA.

Answer 5

Avery, McCarty, MacLeod

Question 6

What is the relationship between DNA replication and the S phase of the cell cycle?

Question 7

DNA replication requires the synthesis of new daughter strands, using the parental DNA
molecule as a template. During replication, one of the daughter strands is synthesized in
discontinuous (lagging behind, if you will) manner. Please explain why this strand’s
synthesis occurs this way

Question 8

If DNA polymerase I in a given cell were nonfunctional, how would that affect the
synthesis of the leading strand?

Question 9

You are a geneticist who breeds rabbits in your laboratory. You are interested in
studying the F1 generation of a purebred long-haired, red-eyed rabbit crossed with a
purebred short-haired, black-eyed rabbit.
H= long hair
h= short hair
R= red eye
r= black eye
a. What are the genotypes of the two parents?

Question 10

You are a geneticist who breeds rabbits in your laboratory. You are interested in
studying the F1 generation of a purebred long-haired, red-eyed rabbit crossed with a
purebred short-haired, black-eyed rabbit.
H= long hair
h= short hair
R= red eye
r= black eye
b. Use a punnet square to show the possible genotype(s) of the gametes?

Question 11

A dominant allele W presents black fur on guinea pigs. A guinea pig that is homozygous
recessive (ww) has white fur. Fred would like to know whether his pet black-furred guinea
pig is homozygous (WW) or heterozygous (Ww). How might he determine his pet’s
genotype?

Question 12

Helicase

Answer 12

Function:

Question 13

Single stranded binding protein

Answer 13

Function:

Question 14

Topoisomerase

Answer 14

Function:

Question 15

Primase

Answer 15

Function:

Question 16

DNA polymerase

Answer 16

Function:

Question 17

DNA polymerase

Answer 17

Function:

Question 18

From prophase through metaphase of mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA
molecules, while from anaphase through telophase of mitosis, each chromosome has
_____ DNA molecule(s).

Answer 18

two; one
Why:

Question 19

Which of the following defines a genome?

Answer 19

the complete set of an organism’s genes and other DNA sequences
Why:

Question 20

Homologous chromosomes _____.

Answer 20

Carry information for the same traits
Why:

Question 21

Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the
offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows:
6022 yellow and 2001 green (8023 total). The allele for green seeds has what
relationship to the allele for yellow seeds?

Answer 21

Recessive
Why:

Question 22

In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a
homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short?

Answer 22

0
Why:

Question 23

Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.
Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

Answer 23

8%
Why:

Question 24

What is meant by the description “antiparallel” regarding the strands that make up
DNA?

Answer 24

The 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand runs counter to the 5’ to 3’ direction of the other strand.
Why:

Question 25

There is a mutation in a gene that alters the helicase that normally acts at the origin of
replication. Which of the following would you expect as a result of this mutation?

Answer 25

No replication fork will be formed
Why:

Question 26

The leading and the lagging strands differ in that _____

Answer 26

the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the
movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is
synthesized in the opposite direction
Why: