Chapter 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance Flashcards
Used pathogenic versus non-pathogenic bacteria to show changes in
genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA, also known as transformation.
Griffith
Used a technique called X-ray crystallography to study molecular structure.
Wilkins and Franklin
Performed experiments with bacteria that proved that the transformed substance, reported in previous experiments, was DNA.
Hershey and Chase
Reported that the base composition of DNA varies between species. In any species the number A and T bases are equal, and the number of G and C are based are equal
Chargaff
Used the T2 phage to show the genetic information passed from generation to generation is DNA.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod
What is the relationship between DNA replication and the S phase of the cell cycle?
DNA replication requires the synthesis of new daughter strands, using the parental DNA
molecule as a template. During replication, one of the daughter strands is synthesized in
discontinuous (lagging behind, if you will) manner. Please explain why this strand’s
synthesis occurs this way
If DNA polymerase I in a given cell were nonfunctional, how would that affect the
synthesis of the leading strand?
You are a geneticist who breeds rabbits in your laboratory. You are interested in
studying the F1 generation of a purebred long-haired, red-eyed rabbit crossed with a
purebred short-haired, black-eyed rabbit.
H= long hair
h= short hair
R= red eye
r= black eye
a. What are the genotypes of the two parents?
You are a geneticist who breeds rabbits in your laboratory. You are interested in
studying the F1 generation of a purebred long-haired, red-eyed rabbit crossed with a
purebred short-haired, black-eyed rabbit.
H= long hair
h= short hair
R= red eye
r= black eye
b. Use a punnet square to show the possible genotype(s) of the gametes?
A dominant allele W presents black fur on guinea pigs. A guinea pig that is homozygous
recessive (ww) has white fur. Fred would like to know whether his pet black-furred guinea
pig is homozygous (WW) or heterozygous (Ww). How might he determine his pet’s
genotype?
Helicase
Function:
Single stranded binding protein
Function:
Topoisomerase
Function:
Primase
Function:
DNA polymerase
Function:
DNA polymerase
Function:
From prophase through metaphase of mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA
molecules, while from anaphase through telophase of mitosis, each chromosome has
_____ DNA molecule(s).
two; one
Why:
Which of the following defines a genome?
the complete set of an organism’s genes and other DNA sequences
Why:
Homologous chromosomes _____.
Carry information for the same traits
Why:
Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants and then allowed the
offspring to self-pollinate to produce an F2 generation. The results were as follows:
6022 yellow and 2001 green (8023 total). The allele for green seeds has what
relationship to the allele for yellow seeds?
Recessive
Why:
In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a
homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short?
0
Why:
Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.
Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
8%
Why:
What is meant by the description “antiparallel” regarding the strands that make up
DNA?
The 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand runs counter to the 5’ to 3’ direction of the other strand.
Why:
There is a mutation in a gene that alters the helicase that normally acts at the origin of
replication. Which of the following would you expect as a result of this mutation?
No replication fork will be formed
Why:
The leading and the lagging strands differ in that _____
the leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the
movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is
synthesized in the opposite direction
Why:
